Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in a group of twenty-three normal men, age forty to seventy years, born and living at an altitude of 14,900 feet with a barometric pressure of 445.8 mm. Hg; an alveolar p02 of 46 mm. Hg, an arterial p02 of 45.1 mm. Hg, and an arterial blood oxygen saturation of 80.1 per cent. For comparison, a group of thirty-two normal men born and living at sea level was studied. During the intravenous glucose tolerance test a low level of fasting blood glucose in the chronic hypoxia group was confirmed, but only minor differences were found in the net changes of glucose. A slightly greater “K” value was found in the chronic hypoxia group. No difference was found during the intravenous tolbutamide test when the net changes from fasting blood glucose were considered. During the intravenous glucagon test there was a statistically significant lesser hyperglycemic response in the hypoxia group. From these studies it would appear that glucose homeostasis is maintained in the chronic hypoxia group with a lower fasting blood glucose.

Rapid intravenous glucose tolerance tests have been performed in women living at high altitude in an environment of chronic hypoxia (average values: barometric pressure 445 mm. Hg, alveolar pO2 46.0 mm. Hg, arterial pO2 45.1 mm. Hg). The hypoxic group had a curve of the same shape but with lower values when compared with that of women born and living at sea level.At sea level pregnancy modified the curve obtained when compared with that of nonpregnant women, but at high altitude pregnancy did not modify the curve. As a possible explanation a higher basal level of insulin in the high altitude group is suggested. DIABETES 15:130-32, February, 1966. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that in men born and living at high altitudes, values obtained during intravenous glucose tolerance tests, when compared with those of men born and living at sea level, are lower at all points. 1 The influence of pregnancy on carbohydrate metabolism in normal women, without a family history of diabetes or an unfavorable obstetrical record, is to lower the fasting level of blood glucose and to improve the glucose tolerance. 2 Therefore, we have examined what effect pregnancy might have on the glucose tolerance of women born and living at high altitudes in an environment of chronic hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODSFour groups of women were studied. They were comparable in age (eighteen to forty years) and in height and weight.Group I. Nineteen normal nonpregnant women born and living at sea level.Group II: Thirteen normal nonpregnant women born and living at high altitude.Group III: Twenty-one third trimester pregnant women born and living at sea level.Group IV: Twelve third trimester pregnant women born and living at high altitude.No women with a positive family history of diabetes were included, nor were women with an unfavorable obstetrical recFrom the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana "Cayetano Heredia," P.O. Box 6083, Lima, Peru. ord (abortion, intrauterine deaths, neonatal mortality, preeclampsia and babies with a weight over 4 kg.) inasmuch as these factors have been regarded as precursors of frank diabetes. 3 After an overnight fast a sample of venous blood was taken. Through a different antecubital vein, 40 ml. of a 50 per cent solution of glucose were injected in a period of two minutes. Samples of venous blood were collected every fifteen minutes for an hour in flasks containing oxalate and fluoride. The studies at high altitude were performed at the mining town of Cerro de Pasco at an altitude of 14,900 feet (average values: barometric pressure 445.8 mm. Hg, alveolar P02 46.0 mm. Hg, arterial P02 45.1 mm. Hg). Blood glucose was determined by the Somogyi-Nelson method. 4 RESULTSThe results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3. 5 The studies in nonpregnant women showed (table 1) that those in the high altitude group had a curve of the same shape but lower at all its points than that of women born and living at sea level. At sea level a lower fasting level of glucose was observed in pregnant t...

Serum LH levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay technique throughout the menstrual eycle in 17 untreated healthy women, 19 women on norethindrone enanthate (200 mg intramuscularlyevery 12 weeks) and 10 women receiving a continuous dose of 0.03 mg d-norgestrel daily. All the controls showed a midcycle peak which represented a 4.0 to 16.3-fold increase of the values observed du ring the proliferative phase. During the fust four weeks after injection of norethindrone enanthate LH levels were depressed. Small midcycle rises were observed in only 2 cases. They represented 4.4 and 8.8-fold increase of the basal LH concentration. From the 4th to the 12th week a progressive increase in LH values was observed. During the last month of treatment the LH concentration was even higher than in the cQntrols, with the presence of moderated midcycle peaks. In the d-norgestrel group, 9 of 10 subjects showed significant but diverse LH rises. LH peaks in these women appeared earlier than in controls, the length of the menstrual cycle was also shorter. During the first and second part of the cycle women on d-norgestrel have signifieantly higher values than controls but the maximum midcycle elevations were less pronounced.