IntroductionDiabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases worldwide. Type 2 diabetes and depression are commonly comorbid, high-prevalence, chronic disorders. Individuals with diabetes mellitus may have concurrent mental health disorders and are shown to have poorer disease outcomes. However, the evidence for clinical correlation is still unclear. ObjectivesTo find the prevalence of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC). Materials and methodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted at KAMC in Makkah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Study participants were 267 people with type 2 diabetes (aged between 18-70 years). Those who had preexisting depression or drank alcohol, pregnant women, and postpartum women were excluded from the study. Participants' clinical and demographic data and depression assessment were obtained on phone through an interview and using the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test results of participants were collected electronically. ResultsThe participants' mean age was 57.88 ± 8.71 years, and 64.4% were males. Only 15.4% were current smokers and 16.9% were ex-smokers. The most common medical condition was hypertension (65.2%) and the majority (92.1%) had uncontrolled HbA1c with a mean value of 8.37 ± 1.92. Among the studied patients, 73% suffered from different degrees of depression; 36%, 19.9%, 8.6%, 5.2%, and 3.4% of the participants were suffering from minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Only neuropathy was a significant risk factor of depression (odds ratio=2.87, 95% confidence interval=1.18-6.97, p=0.02). ConclusionDepressive symptoms are common in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who also suffer from neuropathy and retinopathy. Hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and unhealthy diet had a significant correlation with depression.

American Dental Association defines evidence-based dentistry as a method of making oral health-care decisions that involve the careful consideration of important clinical scientific evidence relating to the patient's oral health, medical condition, history, as well as the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient needs and preferences. Evidence -based dentistry combines the best information available with clinical competence as well as the requirements and preferences of the patient. The ultimate goal of restorative dentistry has always been optimizing tooth shape. Not only is it necessary to recreate the missing tooth anatomy, but it is also necessary to restore optimal form and function. Patients are increasingly favouring restorative treatment over extractions. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the implementation of evidence-based dentistry in restorative dentistry. Evidence-based dentistry is beneficial in a variety of ways, and it is quickly becoming an important aspect of patient treatment, dental education, and research. In restorative dentistry, core outcome sets are needed, since they may boost the relevance of measured outcomes for all stakeholders, not only dental researchers, and limit the danger of bias reporting, as well as improve trial comparability, enhancing synthesis. Evidence-based dentistry does have the potential to usher the dental profession into a new age. Field of dentistry must take steps to keep up with the current evidence-based care paradigm. Despite the fact that evidence-based dentistry is widely accepted, its implementation in clinical practice is far behind especially in the field of restorative dentistry

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained wide popularity among dentists. This can be attributed to its ability to provide bone morphology, bone dimension details and vital structure locations by producing cross-sectional images along the arches. However, one of the reasons routine usage is hampered is its high cost. It would be a great benefit to the practice of dental implants if there was a more economical alternative. Anatomic landmarks in both the maxilla and the mandible are important to be considered during implant placement, and if overlooked, may lead to failures and complications and this is where Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has a slight edge over its other diagnostic counterparts. However, newer digital radiographs have been found to be economical and fairly accurate in line with the highly sophisticated CT scans. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and assess the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and digital radiography (vistascan) in the placement of implants, which may provide an aid in terms of providing an accurate implant size during the surgical procedure for successful dental implant placement. Data was collected from CBCT and vistascan image measurements made pre-operatively prior to implant placement. The measurements were then compared using certain anatomical landmarks as reference in the maxillary and mandibular arches and additionally, with the actual size of implant placed post-operatively. Statistical analysis using SPSS V22 and paired ‘t’ tests and ANOVA revealed no significant differences in the measurements between both the images. (P>0.05). Additionally, both the image measurements were very close to the actual size of the implant placed. Since both imaging techniques were similar in terms of accuracy for implant placement, use of digital radiography (vistascan) may be encouraged as a cost effective option as against CBCT which is expensive for routine assessment.