No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

. Taken together, the findings reported here suggest that both the river N 2 O concentrations and emissions would increase in response to rising anthropogenic nitrogen loads. Our study showed that the mean emission factor based on the ratio of the total N 2 O flux to NO 3 À flux is four times greater than the value of 0.0025 obtained with the methodology recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Thus, our findings reflect the open river channel rapid exchange of gases with the atmosphere.