Introduction: The age of the population in Saudi Arabia is shifting toward elderly, which can lead to an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia) among elderly patients in a community-based setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients aged 60 years and above who were seen in the Family Medicine Clinics affiliated with King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. Patients with delirium, active depression, and patients with a history of severe head trauma in the past 3 months were excluded. Patients were interviewed during their regular visit by a trained physician to collect demographic data and to administer the validated Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Results: One hundred seventy-one Saudi patients were recruited based on a calculated sample size for the aim of this study. The mean age of included sample was 67 ± 6 years. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 45%. The prevalence of MCI was 38.6% and the prevalence of dementia was 6.4%. Age, low level of education, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were risk factors for cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Prevalence of MCI and dementia in Saudi Arabia using MoCA were in the upper range compared to developed and developing countries. The high rate of risk factors for cognitive impairment in Saudi Arabia is contributing to this finding.

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor for multiple diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Many healthcare organizations worldwide have identified a high prevalence of obesity among their employees. In this study, we are looking at the prevalence of obesity among the employees of our healthcare organization and its impact on the employees' productivity and if its current prevalence is costly to the employer.Methods: This is a non-interventional cross-sectional study conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data on the current employees were obtained from medical records. We investigated a random sample of employees who worked in the hospital for at least one year between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022. We explored the prevalence of obesity among hospital employees at the beginning of their employment and its current prevalence. In addition, we aimed to investigate the effect of having employees suffering from obesity on their productivity and their utilization of healthcare during their employment period.Results: We identified that our hospital has relatively younger healthcare workers and more employees who are suffering from obesity than in different other countries. The percentage of obese male and female employees was comparable. We had a relatively high increase in the prevalence of obesity among our employees during the last few years. We found a higher number of obesity-related medical problems, more office visits, more sick leaves, and more medications prescribed for overweight and employees who are suffering from obesity compared to those with normal weight. Conclusion: Healthcare workers suffering from obesity had lower productivity and they had higher utilization of healthcare. Therefore, employers should investigate the prevalence of obesity in their organization and implement diverse strategies to prevent and manage this issue to help their employees have better health and, at the same time, be more productive and lower their utilization of healthcare.

Background/Purpose: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring (CACS) by CT, the American Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Score, and the British Cardiovascular Risk (QRISK2) score are the most frequently used cardiovascular risk stratification scores to predict cardiac outcomes and aid in the decision of implementing preventative and/or interventional measures. The aim of this study is to assess CACS, ASCVD score, QRISK2 score, and their capacity to predict cardiovascular events among family medicine patients in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methodology: All medical records of patients (18 years and above) who had a CACS done in Family Medicine Clinics at KFSH&RC from January 2010 to March 2018 were reviewed, retrospectively. The study variables included demographics, comorbidities, CACS, ASCVD Score, QRISK2 score, and cardiovascular events.Results: We included 218 patients. Our study population included: 77% men, a mean age of 51 years (SD±8), and a mean BMI of 29 kg/m2 (SD±5). CACS was significantly associated with coronary events (p-value < .05). There was significant association between high CACS (>400) and family history of cardiac disease (p-value = .006), prior cardiovascular events (p-value = .01) and advancing age (p-value < .001). High concordance was found between QRISK2 score and CACS (90.6%), and moderate concordance between ASCVD score and CACS (69.4%). Moderate concordance was found between ASCVD score and QRISK2 score (74.3%). The majority of the subjects (88%) fell into the low-risk group (CACS <100) with (63%) having a CACS of zero. Conclusion: QRISK2 cardiac assessment tool provides better risk assessment and higher concordance with CACS. To improve cost-effectiveness and minimize unnecessary radiation exposure, QRISK2 scoring should be implemented for initial cardiovascular risk stratification prior to ordering the CACS imaging modality.