A comprehensive literature review on the material characteristics, design of size and shape, application and management of artificial reef has been carried out. Multipurpose Artificial Surfing Reefs (MPASR) are increasingly being adopted for coastal protection because of several advantages associated with them such as coastal protection by reducing the wave energy, recreation of beaches (surfing, fishing, and diving), habitat for marine organisms and increase in socioeconomic prosperity. The most important characteristic is that they are soft barriers. It is concluded that although artificial reefs do have the ability to fulfill many objectives, for which they are meant, their success will depend mainly on the quality of planning and management prior to their implementation.

"If your compassion does not include yourself, it is incomplete"-Gautama Buddha Telemedicine; use of telecommunication and information technological services, which permits the communication between the users with convenience and fidelity, as well transmitting medical, images and health informatics data. Numerous image processing applications like Satellite Imaging, Medical Imaging and Video has images with too large size or stream size, with a large amount of space or high bandwidth for communication in its original form. Integrity of the transmitted medical images and the informatics data, without any compromise in the data is an essential product of telecommunication and information technology. A colossal need for an adequate compression methodology, in adoption for the compression of medical images /data, to domicile for various metrics like high bandwidth, resolution factors, storage of the images/data, the obligation to perpetuate the validity and precision of data for subsequent perceived diagnosis transactions. This leverages exacting coercions on the restoration error. In this paper we survey the literature related to the Image Processing Methodologies based on ROI technique/s for Digital Imaging and Communication for Medicine (DICOM). A scrutiny as such persuades with the several congestions related to prospective techniques of lossless compression, recommending for a better and a unique image compression technique.

Submerged structures serve as wave attenuators and are widely adopted for protecting the coast against erosion or to reduce forces on structures situated on its leeward side. Conventional submerged breakwaters are composed of rubble stones, and the sources for quarrying such stones have depleted drastically over a period of time. The artificial reefs are a replacement for submerged breakwaters formed by natural rocks due to its minimum impact on the marine environment, flexibility in molding to any desired shape and size. It is also believed to serve as a habitable environment to marine flora and fauna. In this study, a comprehensive experimental investigation is carried out in order to examine the effect of perforations on a submerged artificial reef exposed to regular and random waves. The tests with models of crest width ( B) of 0.2 m and crest height ( h) of 0.4 m are conducted for three different degrees of submergence ( d/ h) of 1.5, 1.38 and 1.25 in three different water depths, d. The article emphasizes the influence of relative water depth, relative crest width and the nature of the surface of the structure (impermeable or permeable) on its hydrodynamic performance characteristics.

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Submerged breakwaters formed by natural rocks dissipate the incident wave energy. Continuous quarrying of rocks has resulted in its depletion, leading researchers to look for alternate materials for the formation of such barriers. Thus, the concept of artificial reef units has evolved which has been gaining importance owing to the flexibility in molding to any desired shapes and sizes, workability and also due to the fact that it creates a habitable environment to marine flora and fauna. From the hydrodynamic performance perspective, artificial reef units are proven to be more efficient in reducing wave transmission on the lee side (e.g., Southern Caribbean shore of Dominican Republic and Vaan Island, Tuticorin, India). A comprehensive experimental investigation to examine the effect of trench width on hydrodynamic characteristics of the submerged reef system was carried out. The trench width was varied by incorporating single, double, and multiple perforated submerged trapezoidal artificial reef units. The focus of the present study is mainly on the influence of the number of reef units, relative crest width, and relative trench width of the submerged reef system on its transmission and reflection characteristics. The relative trench width was found to be an influential factor on wave transmission past the structure, and the least wave transmission was achieved for the reef configuration with eight units. The details of the experimental investigation, results and discussion are reported in this paper.