Objective: To assess the efficacy of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulphate in treating birth asphyxia and improving short term neurological outcome.

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Introduction: Menstrual cycle is a physiological phenomenon consisting of cyclical shedding of endometrium, occurring on an average of 28±7 days in every woman's life in response to hormones during their reproductive years. The production of hormones from hypothalamus (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), pituitary (FSH and LH) and ovaries (progesterone and androstenedione, etc.) are regulated by positive and negative feedback mechanisms. The interaction of these hormones result in the menstrual cycles. Dysmenorrhea, is a cyclical painful cramping sensation in the lower abdomen, which might radiate to the back, occurring before and/or during menstruation. Its prevalence ranges between 25-90%. Medical students endure relatively greater amount of stress due to the vast subject which is to be studied in their MBBS course coupled with the lack of outdoor physical activity. Also, a high prevalence of irregularity of periods if undetected early can lead to polycystic ovarian diseases which are one of the causes of infertility. The menstrual characteristics (the menstrual cycle bleeding patterns, length, etc.) are important indicators of endocrine and uterine dysfunctions/abnormalities like Polycystic Ovarian Disorders. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the menstrual pattern in young adult females. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among female MBBS students and interns of a medical college in South India. Data was collected in a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of details regarding the menstrual history followed by clinical examination and relevant investigations as necessary. Results: Total 204 female MBBS students with an average age of 21.1±2 years participated in the study. Polymenorrhea and oligomenorrhea was seen in 3% and 13% of the students respectively. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 53.9% of the students. Study found that a high percentage (83.3%) of students who were over weight/obese suffered from dysmenorrhea. Whereas a lesser percentage underweight (40.5%) and normal weight (59.3%) students suffered from dysmenorrhea. This association was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhea should be done and appropriate necessary life style modification should be encouraged among young females to reduce the incidence of PCOD and metabolic syndrome later in life.

Background: The aim is to study effect of anaemia in obstetrics patients during antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum and to find the incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in those patients.Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted on patients receiving obstetric care at Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital from July 2016 to July 2018.Pregnant women with Hb less than 8g were included in the study to determine the outcome of pregnancy in severe anaemia and determine the causes of anaemia. Acute cases of obstetrical haemorrhages as in antepartum and postpartum haemorrhages and all medical and surgical high-risk factors except anaemia, were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 200 pregnant anaemic patients with haemoglobin less than 8g/dl were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on haemoglobin concentration at first presentation. Patients with haemoglobin level less than 5g/dl were included in group A (N=44, 22%), and rest of the patients were included in group B (N=156, 78%). Most commonly observed complications in the study were preeclampsia and eclampsia (46 cases), preterm labour (46 cases) and IUGR (30 cases). In both group of patients, the commonest cause of anaemia in pregnancy was iron deficiency. The greater the severity of anaemia in pregnancy, greater was the risk of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and stillbirth.Conclusions: This study reveals that severe anaemia which is commonly observed in the pregnancy in our country, gives rise to maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities.

Aims: To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia in Cesarean Section  and normal delivery . Methods: An observational descriptive study of severe pre-eclampsia-eclampsia conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital. Gestational age 32-42 weeks were included and imminent deliveries were excluded from the study. Primary outcome variables were mode of delivery, maternal morbidity-mortality, and perinatal morbidity-mortality.  Results: 63.2% in severe pre-eclampsia, 50% in eclampsia group delivered vaginally; 15.1%  in severe preeclampsia and 25% in eclampsia group underwent elective LSCS; 21.7% in severe preeclampsia and 25% in eclampsia group underwent  emergency LSCS. Incidence of cesarean deliveries in severe pre-eclampsia was 36.8% and in eclampsia it was 50%. No maternal death was observed in elective LSCS. Maternal death in vaginal delivery cases was 0.94% in severe preeclampsia and 4.76% in eclampsia. In emergency LSCS cases maternal mortality was 1.4% in severe preeclampsia and 4.76% in eclampsia group. No perinatal mortality was observed in elective LSCS group; 4.7% perinatal mortality occurred in normal delivery, 20.5% in emergency LSCS in severe preeclampsia and 7.1% in eclampsia who were delivered  vaginally. Conclusion: In eclampsia, feto-maternal outcome is better in the cesarean deliveries than in the vaginal deliveries