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Background: Malaria still presents as a major health problem in Indonesia and specifically in East Kalimantan. One common finding in malaria is thrombocytopenia, the mechanism of which is still unclear. Several studies have suggested some mechanisms, one of which is splenomegaly. This study aimed to discover the association between thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly of malaria patients in East Kalimantan. Methods: This study was a descriptive retrospective study with clinical and laboratory data obtained from the medical records of malaria patients in four major public hospitals from January 2015 to July 2018. The association between thrombocytopenia with splenomegaly was analysed using Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 215 patients were included; 189 male (87.9%) and 26 female (12.1%). The most common aetiology were Plasmodium vivax (43.2%), P. falciparum (42.8%), and mixed infection (P. falciparum and P. vivax) (4.6%). The distribution of thrombocyte count were normal in 28 patients (13%) and decreased in 187 patients (87%). Among patients with thrombocytopenia, the percentage of mild, moderate and severe thrombocytopenia was 18.2%, 43.8% and 33%, respectively. Splenomegaly was found in only 11 patients (5.1%). We found no association between thrombocytopenia with splenomegaly (p=0.61). Conclusions: We conclude that thrombocytopenia is not associated with splenomegaly in these malaria patients.

Recently, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has high mortality in the world. In severe TBI, secondary brain injury can occur. ElectrSolyte disorders are the most common in secondary brain insult especially sodium disorders. It remains unclear whether hyponatremia or hypernatremia can cause worse clinical outcome in TBI patients. This study aimed to determine association between serum sodium level with clinical outcome in severe TBI patients at RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. A cross sectional analytical study by taking samples to the patients with diagnosed severe TBI (GCS ≤ 8) which were hospitalized at RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda in the period of January-December 2018 that complied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research variables are sodium serum level and clinical outcome that was assessed by structured interviews for Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The relationship between variables was done using the Fisher's Exact test. A total of 41 severe TBI patients were administered. The characteristics of the sample were the most patients in 20s-40s (46.3%), patients were dominated by male (82.9%) and the most common CT scan characteristic were epidural hematoma (29.3%). The most of patients showed normonatremia in 25 patients (61%), 9 patients (22%) had hypernatremia and 7 patients (17.1%) had hyponatremia. The most clinical outcome on severe TBI patients were worse outcome with 70.7% while good outcome with 29.3%. Statistical result showed there's no association between serum sodium level (hyponatremia and hypernatremia) with clinical outcome in severe TBI patients with p values, 1.000 and 0.225, respectively. There's no association between serum sodium level with clinical outcome in severe TBI patients.

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium infection that is still a health problem in the tropical area including Indonesia. Penajam Paser Utara is the only district with a high level of malaria endemicity outside eastern of Indonesia which is located at the Province of East Kalimantan. Malaria can cause various complications including haematological abnormalities. Haematological abnormalities that are often found in both falciparum malaria and vivax malaria is anaemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the types of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax with the incidence of anaemia in malaria patients at Ratu Aji Putri Botung, Penajam Paser Utara hospital. This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The data was obtained from medical records of hospitalized malaria patients at Ratu Aji Putri Botung Penajam Paser Utara hospital in the period of January 2013 – August 2018 by purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The subjects of the study were 310 malaria patients consisting of 60,3% (n=187) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and 39,7% (n=123) patients infected with Plasmodium vivax. The majority of research subjects were male (95,8%) and were in the 26 – 40 years age group (56,5%). Anaemia was found in 49% of malaria patients dominated by vivax malaria patients (52%). Statistical test result between types of Plasmodium with the incidence of anaemia was p = 0,391. It was concluded that there was no association between the types of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax with the incidence of anaemia in malaria patients.

Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetat Transaminase (SGOT) adalah salah satu enzim aminotransferase yang berada di sel hati. Kadar SGOT dapat meningkat karena nekrosis sel-sel hati seperti sirosis tetapi dapat juga disebabkan karena ketidak-akuratan pada saat pra-analitik, salah satunya hemolisis. Hemolisis dapat menyebabkan peningkatan ketidak-akuratan pada pemeriksaan SGOT. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui indek hemolisis dan melihat adanya pengaruh indek hemolisis terhadap peningkatan kadar SGOT.Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 10 sampel. Masing-masing sampel dimasukkan kedalam 7 tabung, satu tabung tanpa hemolisat dan enam tabung lainnya ditambahkan hemolisat dengan indek hemolisis H1 sampai H6. Seluruh sampeln kemudian diperiksa kadar SGOT. Hasil penelitian ini diuji statistik dengan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov, kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji korelatif Pearson.Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan rata-rata indek hemolisis sebesar 1,55 mg/dl dan peningkatan kadar SGOT pada sampel yang ditambahkan indek hemolisis H1 sampai H6 berturut-turut yaitu 25,63 U/L; 28,96 U/L; 37,37 U/L; 64,88 U/L; 79,08 U/L; 109,45 U/L. Peningkatan kadar SGOT setelah ditambahkan enam indek hemolisis besar 4%, 7%, 16%, 43%, 58% dan 88 %.Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh indek hemolisis terhadap peningkatan kadar SGOT.