Excessive residual stress of the girth weld in pipes will directly damage the pipe strength during its operation. Accurate measurement and effective reduction of the residual stress can ensure the safety of natural gas pipes during their service. In this paper, an X80-type large-diameter natural gas pipe section with girth welds is taken as the research object. The coercive force method is used to characterize the residual stress of the girth weld and its surroundings, and then the distribution law of the residual stress of the girth weld and its surroundings is obtained based on the measurement results of the Blind-hole method; the ultrasonic impact method was used to reduce the girth weld residual stress, and the effect of the ultrasonic impact method on the residual stress reduction was studied by comparing changes of the distribution characteristics of the coercive force in the girth weld and its surroundings before and after the residual stress reduction in the natural gas pipes. Lastly, the in-situ test specimen is made to carry out the uniaxial tensile test so as to study the effect of the ultrasonic impact method on the tensile mechanical properties of pipe welds. This study clarifies the influence law of the ultrasonic impact on the mechanical properties of weld toe materials, and provided technical theoretical guidance for the reduction of field residual stress in natural gas pipes.