Different pathogenic fungi (e.g. Penicillium spp., Monilinia fructigena, Venturia inaequalis, Glomerella cingulata, Diaporthe eres etc.) can cause apple rot by producing pectic enzymes that break down apple pectin to expose the nutrients of the cells to the fungi. This study aimed to identify the pathogens that lead to the degradation of apples from five different varieties (‘Granny Smith’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Imperial Gala’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Golden Reinders’) and also the incidence of those pathogens under different treatment conditions. The results reveal different frequent attacks on distinct varieties ranging from 5 to over 50%. Of the pathogens that infect and occur in vegetation and deposit it can be seen that Venturia inaequalis has been identified in all varieties in most test variants. The highest frequency was recorded in the variant where during the vegetation period no treatments with fungicides against apple diseases were applied. Of the pathogens that infected and appeared during storage, isolated on the fruits, only Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. had a higher frequency. Applying treatments during the growing season reduced the rotting attack degree of apple fruits during storage. The best response to rot attack in the warehouse was ‘Topaz’ and ‘Jonagold’, the attack degree ranged between 0.3 and 10% on treated variants. By applying chemical treatments, the spectrum and the share of pathogens that lead to fruit degradation is different. This means that chemical treatments must be chosen depending on the nature of the pathogens and the apple variety.

Net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of barley crop. This study screened comparatively the effectiveness of eleven fungicide products applied to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichum Alef.) cultivar ‘Daciana’ in conditions from Transylvania. After fungicide treatment, the net blotch disease index decreased an average of 70.37-78.04% relative to untreated control. Fungicide application ensured an average of 28.66% grain yield increase, 7.51% thousand grains weight increase and 4.36% grain starch content increase relative to untreated control. Top performance was obtained by using products that contained demethylation inhibitors targeting sterol biosynthesis in combination with other active substances with a different mode of action particularly targeting mitochondrial respiration. It is a difficult task to achieve top performance on all dimensions: strict disease suppression, high quantity and quality grain yields. Preventing the occurrence of pathogen resistance to fungicide and minimizing negative effect on crop as well as remanence in the plant, are the main challenges for fungicide use and should receive further attention.

In our experiments we have identified and isolated the pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers. from geranium plants, we have inoculated it on three types of culture media (PDA, Czapek-agar, MA) and studied its morphological and cultural characteristics. The results obtained consist in differences in the morphology, number and distribution of the sclerotia and the dimensions of the conidia. The isolates taken under study showed a great phenotypic diversity influenced by the host plant and by the culture medium where they was grown.

The wheat production range from one year to another and is influenced by the climatic conditions, the cultivated variety and the presence of the pathogens which cause foliar and ear diseases. Also the quality of production (protein and gluten) is influenced by the pedological and climatic condition and diseases. The effect of the fungicide treatments in vegetation on the production and quality was studied in 2012-2013 at ARDS Turda, in the Phytopathology laboratory field. The study was conducted with five wheat varieties: Ariesan, Apullum, Turda 2000, Dumbrava and Andrada and the test variants were: no treatment (T0), one treatment, (T1) and two treatments (T2). The vegetation treatments have been carried out with the products Nativo (1l/ha) at the flag leaf appearance and Prosaro (1l/ha) at the end of the flowering. Since the Fusarium head blight, produced by different species of the genus Fusarium, is the most important disease in wheat crops and has a high impact on the quality and quantity of production, the percentage of diseased kernels was determined. The production was evaluated in kg/ha and the qualitative parameters were determined using the INSTALAB600 and AGRI CECK analyzer. Following the observations made and the statistical interpretation of data, we can say that applying vegetation treatments the percentage of diseased grains decreases compared to the control. The yield increases when treatment was applied. The gluten and the protein content recorded a slight decrease or increase, depending on the test variant; the ash content decreased when the treatments were applied on the vegetation period. The application of fungicide treatment on the vegetation is an important link in the wheat cultivation technology, ensuring the achievement quantitative and qualitative higher production.

The raising of agriculture to European Union standards requires adaptation of agricultural production to quality standards that meet the demands and exigencies of consumers by obtaining healthy crops that fit into the rigors of food security. The biological material used was constituted of wheat kernels from three varieties cultivated at ARDS Turda. The biological control of wheat pathogens can be successfully achieved, in vitro, with plant extracts, and the maximum effect of this bioproducts was achieved in the case of the variants treated with, tee tree essential oil, garlic, arnica, Hypericum perforatum and propolis.