HIV prevention efforts should target young and middle-aged MSM and must offer early diagnosis and treatment for all MSM.

Diagnosis trends and HIV-to-AIDS intervals varied by place of birth. To decrease the incidence of HIV infection among Hispanics, prevention programs need to address cultural differences.

Background To examine durable viral suppression, cumulative viral load (VL) burden, and transmission risk potential among HIV-diagnosed persons in care. Methods Using data from the National HIV Surveillance System from 17 jurisdictions with complete reporting of VL test results, we determined the percentage of persons in HIV care who achieved durable viral suppression (all VL results <200 copies/mL) and examined viremia copy-years and time spent above VL levels that increase the risk of HIV transmission during 2012–2013. Results Of 265,264 persons in HIV care in 2011, 238,641 had at least two VLs in 2012–2013. The median number of VLs per individual during the 2-year period was five. Approximately 62% had durable viral suppression. The remaining 38% had high VL burden (geometric mean of viremia copy-years: 7,261) and spent an average of 438 days, 316 days, and 215 days (60%, 43.2%, and 29.5% of the 2-year time) above 200, 1,500, and 10,000 copies/mL. Women, blacks/African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, persons with HIV infection attributed to transmission other than male-to-male sexual contact, younger age groups, and persons with gaps in care had higher viral burden and transmission risk potential. Conclusions Two-thirds of persons in HIV care had durable viral suppression during a 2-year period. One-third had high VL burden and spent substantial time above VL levels with increased risk of onward transmission. More intervention efforts are needed to improve retention in care and medication adherence so that more persons in HIV care achieve durable viral suppression.

Background: Tooth decay is one of the greatest unmet treatment needs among children. Pain and suffering associated with untreated dental disease can lead to problems with eating, speaking, and learning. School-based dental sealant programs (SBSP) deliver a highly effective intervention to prevent tooth decay in children who might not receive regular dental care. SBSPs benefits exceed their costs when they target children at high risk for tooth decay.Methods: CDC used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to estimate current prevalences of sealant use and untreated tooth decay among low-income (≤185% of federal poverty level) and higher-income children aged 6-11 years and compared these estimates with 1999-2004 NHANES data. The mean number of decayed and filled first molars (DFFM) was estimated for children with and without sealants. Averted tooth decay resulting from increasing sealant use prevalence was also estimated. All reported differences are significant at p<0.05. From 1999From -2004From to 2011From -2014, among low-and higher-income children, sealant use prevalence increased by 16.2 and 8.8 percentage points to 38.7% and 47.8%, respectively. Among low-income children aged 7-11 years, the mean DFFM was almost three times higher among children without sealants (0.82) than among children with sealants. Approximately 6.5 million low-income children could potentially benefit from the delivery of sealants through SBSP. Results: Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The prevalence of dental sealant use has increased; however, most children have not received sealants. Increasing sealant use prevalence could substantially reduce untreated decay, associated problems, and dental treatment costs.