Microlicia is a Neotropical genus with about 245 species centered in central-eastern Brazil, in areas of campo rupestre and Cerrado. The majority of species occur in the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Goiás. Based on specimens from the herbaria ALCB, HUEFS, MBM, SPF, HUFU, and US, we here describe two new species from the Chapada Diamantina region, Microlicia decumbens and Microlicia macaubensis. Microlicia decumbens is apparently endemic to Abaíra municipality, whereas M. macaubensis is known only from Brotas de Macaúbas municipality. We provide morphological descriptions, line drawings, a distribution map, and comparisons with putative relatives for both species.

Microlicia woodii is described as a new species from the Meseta de Motacú, Santiago de Chiquitos, eastern Bolivia, a region rich in endemic plants. The new species seems to be closely related to Microlicia sphagnicola, and can be recognized by a combination of elliptic leaf blades 8–10 × 3.2–5 mm, glandular-punctate on both surfaces, petioles 0.2–0.4 mm long, rectangular and dorso-ventrally flattened, solitary 5–6-merous flowers, external and internal intercalycine eglandular trichomes ca. 1–2 mm long, pink petals, and dimorphic, bicolored and polysporangiate anthers. Line drawings, photographs, a distribution map, and notes on its conservation status are provided. Additionally, we designate a lectotype for Microlicia insignis and document the first records for this species in Bolivia, at Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado.

During recent field expeditions to the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil), two species of the neotropical genus Microlicia were collected that could not be placed in any of the previously described taxa of the genus. These two species are here proposed as new: Microlicia angelana and M. debilis. Both species are apparently endemic to the Serra do Porco Gordo in Arapiranga District, Rio de Contas. Diagnoses, line drawings, distribution maps, notes on diagnostic characters and conservation assessments are provided. Information on habitat and phenology is also included.

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Two species of the Neotropical genus Microlicia are here proposed as new (Microlicia bicolor and M. pataroi). Both species are restricted to the Beco do Guiné trail to Vale do Pati in the municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Diagnoses, line drawings, notes on diagnostic characters, habitat and phenology, conservation assessments, and distribution maps are provided.