Starting from the assumption that aesthetic is an anthropological fact which —like language or symbolic thought— belongs to the behavioral, cognitive and social register of our species, the article aims to clarify the uses of the category of aesthetic in the human sciences (social anthropology, cognitive psychology, evolutionary anthropology). The epistemological analysis focuses on the implicit assumptions that guide the different methodologies and leads to the elaboration of a conceptual map of the several models of aesthetic adopted in the contemporary debate. Such a result is presented as a preliminary analytical step aimed at fostering an interdisciplinary approach to the complexity and socio-biological diversity of aesthetic phenomena.
L’esthétique représente un point névralgique dans l’opposition entre partisans et critiques de la naturalisation. Dans l’article, les positions conflictuelles sont passées en revue en repérant les racines de leur opposition dans l’adoption d’un modèle internaliste d’esprit connexe à une forme radicale de réductionnisme. Une solution est proposée à partir de l’adoption d’une forme modérée de naturalisme anthropologique et d’un modèle d’attitude esthétique capable d’intégrer l’opérativité innée du dispositif esthétique et sa différentiation en conduites culturellement structurées.
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