Cuba’s National Health System has managed to guarantee an effective and equitable response to COVID-19. Universal and free health coverage, based on primary care, follows the principle of equity and the greatest resources are allocated to areas of the lowest socioeconomic stratum (where higher risk is concentrated), followed by those of medium and high strata, in that order. This allowed for similar mortality rates in the three strata, and Cuban national mortality rate was one of the lowest in the Region of the Americas. Before the first case was identified in Cuba, a Plan for Coronavirus Prevention and Control was elaborated with multisectoral participation, and when the first case was confirmed the Temporary National Working Group to Fight COVID-19 was created as an advisory body of the government. The actions to face the pandemic began with preventive measures in the community, continued in the isolation centers and ended again in the community with actions of surveillance and follow up of recovered patients. Following the principle of territoriality, molecular diagnosis laboratories were created in the provinces that did not have one. Free medical care and treatment; the preparation of a single national intersectoral government plan; the use of particular strategies for research, diagnosis and case tracing; and the implementation of a universal protocol for disease prevention and treatment of confirmed cases made it possible to control the disease with a health equity perspective.
El Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba ha logrado garantizar una respuesta eficaz y con equidad en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. La cobertura de salud universal y gratuita, basada en la atención primaria, sigue el principio de equidad, por lo que los mayores recursos se asignan a los territorios del estrato socioeconómico más bajo, que concentra mayores riesgos de salud, seguidos de los de estratos medio y alto, en ese orden. Esto permitió tener tasas de letalidad similares en los tres estratos, y a nivel nacional la de Cuba es una de las tasas más bajas de la Región de las Américas. Antes de identificar el primer caso en Cuba, se elaboró el Plan para la Prevención y Control del Coronavirus, con participación multisectorial, y al confirmarse el primer caso se creó el Grupo Temporal de Trabajo para Enfrentar la COVID-19 como órgano asesor del Gobierno. Las acciones de enfrentamiento a la pandemia comienzan en la comunidad con medidas preventivas, continúan en los centros de aislamiento y terminan nuevamente en la comunidad, con acciones de vigilancia y acompañamiento a los enfermos recuperados. Siguiendo el principio de territorialidad, se crearon laboratorios de diagnóstico molecular en las provincias que no lo tenían. La atención médica y los tratamientos gratuitos; la preparación de un plan de gobierno intersectorial nacional único; la utilización de estrategias particulares para la pesquisa, diagnóstico y rastreo de casos; y la implementación de un protocolo universal para la prevención de la enfermedad y el tratamiento de los casos confirmados permitieron el control de la enfermedad con una perspectiva de equidad en salud.
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