Purpose – The purpose of this paper is empirically investigate the pro forma disclosure behavior of US-listed foreign firms applying International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Design/methodology/approach – The annual earnings press releases of US-listed foreign firms on the New York Stock Exchange are analyzed to compare the effect that reporting standard (specifically IFRS) has on pro forma disclosure frequency, disclosure characteristics and benchmarking. Findings – US-listed foreign firms applying IFRS report pro forma disclosures more frequently than firms using the USA’s generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), but less opportunistically. Originality/value – This paper extends Epping and Wilder’s (2011) study and contributes to the pro forma disclosure literature by providing a cross-country analysis of non-GAAP disclosure based on reporting standard (IFRS or US GAAP). Understanding the non-GAAP disclosure of firms applying IFRS is useful to investors and regulators, as more countries adopt IFRS.
This study analyzes the knowledge and methods used in information systems (IS) journals in the area of financial statement fraud. The purpose of this analysis is to provide tools and ideas to support interdisciplinary research in accounting and information systems for financial statement fraud topics. The study presents an analysis of five top ranking IS journals (MIS Quarterly, Information Systems Research, Communications of the ACM, Management Science, and Journal of MIS) and five top ranking IS conferences [International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), International Conference on Decision Support Systems (DSS), and Decision Sciences Institute National Conference (DSI)]. The literature found from these sources are categorized and presented by year, journal, contribution, type of study, methodology, data set usage, and research design. Although the literature varies, a common thread in many studies is the use of data mining and/or machine learning models to detect fraud.
This case involves cash theft at the City of Casey, a small town in Iowa. To avoid detection in an impending audit, the city clerk set the administrative offices on fire. The State Auditor’s Office performed an investigation and discovered misappropriations of about $300,000. This case allows students to analyze a fraud in a local governmental unit where limited resources and incompatible duties are common within the accounting function. The loss of documentary evidence challenges investigation of the fraud and provides students with an opportunity to discuss forensic accounting. The primary case objectives are (1) to identify risks and related fraud perpetration methods, (2) identify useful sources of evidence when original source documents and accounting records are missing, and (3) provide recommendations to minimize fraud risk. This case can be used in fraud and audit courses.
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