The current study has shown that robotic technology is a sensitive and powerful tool that provides increased specificity regarding the type of motor problems exhibited by children with FASD. The high frequency of motor deficits in children with FASD suggests that interventions aimed at stimulating and/or improving motor development should routinely be considered for this population.

Behavioral characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who respond positively to Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) have been described previously, based on single-subject design research. The present study examined several such characteristics, as well as positive affect, as predictors of expressive language (EL) gains in a representative sample of preschoolers with ASD (n 5 57) enrolled in a PRT-based community early intervention program. Children's cognitive ability, positive affect, and levels of appropriate toy contact measured at the start of intervention each contributed significantly to the prediction of EL outcomes. Together these variables accounted for 40% of the total outcome variance. In addition, a profile of increased EL ability, positive affect and appropriate toy contact, and decreased social avoidance and stereotyped and repetitive vocalizations was associated with greater gains during intervention. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for understanding both the variable treatment response documented in children with ASD and how to tailor treatment to optimize individual benefit. Autism Res 2018, 11: 153-165. V C 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay Summary: The study examined behavior of 57 preschoolers who made the greatest and least gains from 1 year of a community Pivotal Response Treatment program. Using pre-treatment videos, we saw that children who made the most progress showed more language, positive affect, and appropriate interactions with toys, also less avoidance of people and fewer repetitive vocalizations. Behavior profiles can be used to match treatment to individual children's needs.

According to Buss and Schmitt's (1993) sexual strategies theory, mating strategies depend upon one's sex and whether they desire a short-term or long-term relationship. Men typically expend less reproductive effort than women and need only to ensure that they locate fertile mates, regardless of relationship type. Women tend to expend relatively more effort and seek long-term partners who are willing to provide resources, or they may choose mates with high genetic quality for a short-term relationship. Thus, the traits that men and women exhibit to prospective mates should be sex-specific. Our goal was to determine whether the photographs that accompany online personal advertisements reflect an awareness of sex-specific mating strategies, such that the sexes advertise distinct traits to potential mates. After conducting a pilot study, we collected 300 photographs from the online dating service "Lavalife" and examined them with respect to relationship type. We found women consistently advertise their reproductive fitness regardless of sought relationship type, directly supporting sexual strategies theory. However, men's photographs only provide indirect support for this theory, and there was minimal difference in men's portrayal of characteristics across relationship type.

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Abstract.Although there exists a plethora of studies on the determinants and consequences of facial attractiveness, there exists little research on how within-individual evaluations of facial attractiveness are impacted by knowledge of a person's sexual history and the duration of the relationship they seek. Using a pre-post design, participants rated individual faces for attractiveness, and then re-evaluated the faces accompanied by a fictitious online dating advertisement, manipulated for the models' sexual history and desired relationship duration. We found that women, more than men, were impacted by this knowledge and that desired relationship duration influences the direction of change while sexual history influences the significance of the effect. One week later, participants were presented with the same faces and asked to recall the prior information. Participants recalled more information for sexual history than for desired relationship duration with an overall mean accuracy of 64.4%. These findings are discussed using the conceptual framework offered by evolutionary psychology, particularly mate selection theory.Keywords: sex differences, facial attractiveness, memory, sexual experience, romantic relationships Evolutionary psychology provides a framework in which to explain sex-based differences in mating preferences. One aspect of evolutionary theory, sexual selection, suggests that mating strategies are solutions to sex-specific adaptive problems (BUSS and SCHMITT 1993). Women and men must confront distinct adaptive problems, such as how to allocate their time and effort with respect to