More than 12,500 people in England have sickle cell disorders. This article explains how these disorders call be inherited and discusses the associated clinical problems. The author focuses on social, psychosocial and cultural aspects, and the implications for nursing practice are examined.

BackgroundMaternal smoking is a key cause of poor outcomes for mothers, babies and children and Wales has higher rates of smoking in pregnancy than any other UK country. Despite various improvements within the NHS Stop Smoking Service to strengthen the intervention for pregnant women, referrals and successful quit attempts for this group have continued to remain extremely low. A key element of UK national guidance for smoking cessation during pregnancy is to provide a flexible and tailored service to help increase levels of engagement. This study aims to test the effectiveness of three different models of service delivery to address the gap in the evidence base about how to deliver a flexible, tailored smoking cessation service to pregnant women.MethodsThis study will adopt a quasi-experimental design over a 12 month period. The setting is four of Wales’ seven Health Boards using an integrated approach between maternity services, local public health teams and the NHS Stop Smoking Service. Core recommendations from UK public health guidance are being implemented across intervention and usual care sites. Stop smoking support for pregnant women in intervention sites is being delivered more flexibly than in usual care sites. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches will be adopted to capture important contextual information and consider multiple perspectives. A health economic analysis will be undertaken using a cost-consequences analysis approach. The primary outcome measure is engagement with stop smoking services (defined as having at least one face-to-face therapeutic contact with a clinician).DiscussionSupporting pregnant women to stop smoking is a challenging area of public health. The proposed study will address several areas where there are key evidence gaps relating to smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women. Specifically, how best to encourage pregnant women to attend a specialist stop smoking support service, how to deliver the service and who should provide it.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1041) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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More than 12,500 people in England have sickle cell disorders. This article explains how these disorders call be inherited and discusses the associated clinical problems. The author focuses on social, psychosocial and cultural aspects, and the implications for nursing practice are examined.

No abstract