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In this article we explore how women and men define success and how their definition of success affects their career progress. Qualitative analysis of data from 40 interviews with successful women and men suggest that gender differences do exist. Women highlight the importance of balance and relationships. Men focus more on material success. Similar numbers of women and men thought that their definitions of success had limited their career progress, but the tradeoffs they reported making were distinctly different. Our results suggest that gender differences in the meaning of success exist even when occupational attainments are similar.

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Purpose -The goals of this study were to examine the utility of social cognitive career theory in a South Asian context, extend SCCT beyond its individualistic roots to include social and contextual variables, and explore the possible differential validity of SCCT predictors for men and women. Design/methodology/approach -The study involved an in-class survey of Bangladeshi undergraduate engineering students including 209 women and 640 men. Findings -Despite stronger relationships between persistence and two predictors -social aspirations and self-efficacy -for men, self-efficacy, the core construct of SCCT, was the most important predictor of persistence for both women and men thus supporting the applicability of SCCT in non-Western contexts.Research limitations/implications -Several new measures were developed for this study which provide a basis for future research but will require further validation. The results demonstrated the applicability of SCCT in a non-Western context but the amount of variance explained was modest. Thus, additional research into context-specific factors affecting persistence is warranted. Practical implications -The results suggest that interventions intended to enhance the participation of women in non-traditional fields such as engineering should focus on enhancing self-efficacy, potentially through creating a more supportive learning environment. Originality/value -The current study is one of the first to assess the applicability of SCCT in a non-Western context and to examine the differential validity of SCCT predictors for women and men.

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