Assessment of the impact of vehicle emissions on the global environment requires accurate data concerning nitrous oxide, N 2 O, emissions. We report herein "realworld" N 2 O emissions from road vehicles in a tunnel in Wuppertal, Germany, together with "laboratory" emission measurements conducted at the Ford Motor Company using a chassis dynamometer with a standard driving cycle for 22 different cars and trucks. Consistent results were obtained from both approaches, suggesting that a good approximation of the average emission factor (g of N 2 O/g of CO 2 ) ) (6 ( 2) × 10 -5 . This corresponds to an emission rate of 16-8 mg of N 2 O/km for vehicles with fuel economies of 12-6 L/100 km (20-40 mi/U.S. gal). N 2 O emissions from vehicles have a global warming impact, which is 1-3% of that of the CO 2 emissions from vehicles. We estimate that the global vehicle fleet emits 0.18 ( 0.06 Tg of N 2 O yr -1 (0.11 ( 0.04 Tg of N yr -1 ), which represents 2-6% of the atmospheric growth rate of this species. In addition to N 2 O, laboratory vehicle emission measurements of NH 3 , HONO, and HCN are reported.
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