Many models have been developed in the world to estimate emission inventories and fuel consumption in the past and those models can be broadly categorized as either a travel based model or a fuel based model. Driving cycles can be considered as one of the major travel based models to estimate emission inventories. It can be used for various purposes such as setting up the emission standards, for traffic management purposes and also to determine the travel time. In the past, researchers have tried to use readily available, well established driving cycles in their environment which is different from the origin of the driving cycle in many aspects. Thus, the attempts have failed to give good quality results. This study attempts to critically evaluate the different methods used for driving cycle construction in different parts of the world under various conditions to propose a general suitable approach to develop a representative and economical driving cycle(s) for a given geographic location for set objectives.

Summary Financial constraints and lack of availability of traffic‐related information significantly hinder the development of driving cycles in developing countries. This paper proposes an economical, practical, accurate methodology for the development of driving cycles, including the development of a driving cycle for Colombo, Sri Lanka. The proposed methodology captures regional traffic and road conditions and selects a model that represents the collected data sample with minimum available traffic‐related information. Existing methods were modified for route selection by dividing routes into links using nodes or physical junctions to minimize the number of trips required for data collection. Speed–time data for respective links were used to reconstruct speed–time profiles of identified origin–destination pairs. The on‐board method was used for data collection, and the Markov chain theory was used to develop a transition probability matrix of state changes. An additional matrix was introduced to the existing method to improve model representativeness to the collected data sample. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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This paper critically evaluates traffic related performance of the Southern Expressway (SEW) in Sri Lanka using basic traffic engineering parameters such as average speeds, acceleration-deceleration changes, root mean square acceleration, and positive kinetic energy. An on-road speed/time data sample was collected, and a driving cycle was developed to compare to well-established driving cycles worldwide. Ten traffic-related parameters were identified in order to evaluate the SEW using the collected data. Data was collected in proportion to the number of actual trips made by users on an average day using the on-board method; the segment-based method was adopted for cycle construction. Previously identified traffic-related parameters were used to evaluate and select representative cycle for the SEW from candidate cycles. The selected driving cycle was 1213 s in length. Average speed, average acceleration, and average deceleration were 80.6 km/h, 0.45, and 0.25 m/s 2 , respectively. Results showed that both average and running speeds of the SEW were significantly below compared to its posted speed limit, thereby increasing the travel time. Comparatively smooth driving behavior will improve the SEW's fuel and emission performances. This study created a platform with which future studies can evaluate performances of all operational and future expressways.