IntroductionThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) in the peri-urban adult population living in the island of Anjouan, Comoros and to investigate the factors associated with diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe survey was a cross-sectional study, in which a sample of 902 individuals (540 women and 362 men) aged 25 to 64 was selected using empirical sampling “quotas” or “reasoned choice” survey method. Hypertension and obesity abdominal measurements of these subjects were collected during face-to-face interviews and following day fasting blood glucose was measured in capillary blood.ResultsParticipation rate was 83.5%. The mean age of subjects was 39.5 ± 11.63 years. The sex ratio was 0.67. Overall crude diabetes and IFG prevalence were 8.5% and 8.1%, respectively. The risk factors for diabetes type 2 onset were a family history of diabetes (P = 0.006), older age (P = 0.000), glycemic control (P = 0.010), excess waist circumference (P = 0.03) and hypertension (p = 0.000), were significantly positively associated with DM, contrary to sex (P = 0.142).ConclusionThese high figures confirm that diabetes and factors associated do not spare Anjouan population. Awareness, primary prevention, are to set up for a better control of non-communicable diseases.

IntroductionLe diabète est définit comme un trouble de l'assimilation, de l'utilisation et du stockage des sucres apportés par l'alimentation, sa prise en charge est assurée par le suivi du surpoids et l'obésité et le contrôle glycémique régulier. L'objectif de ce travail était l'étude du surpoids, l'obésité et le contrôle glycémique chez 2227 diabétiques de différent type (type 1, 2 et gestationnel), consultants le centre de référence provincial de diabète (CRD), Kénitra-Maroc.MéthodesL'étude s'est déroulée sur une période d'une année du mois janvier au mois décembre 2015, L'évaluation du surpoids et l'obésité a été effectuée par le calcul de l'Indice de Masse Corporelle (IMC=Poids/Taille2 (Kg/m2)), elles sont définit respectivement par IMC > 25 Kg/m2, et IMC > 30 Kg/m2, le poids et la taille ont été mesurés selon les recommandations de l'organisation mondiale de santé (OMS), Le contrôle glycémique a été effectué par l'analyse sanguine de l'Hémoglobine glycosylée et de la Glycémie à jeun. Les normes sont 7% pour l'Hémoglobine glycosylée et 0,70g/l à 1,10g/l pour la Glycémie à jeun.RésultatsL'intervalle d'âges des patients est compris entre 8 mois et 80 ans, avec une dominance des diabétiques provenant du milieu urbain (74%) par rapport à ceux provenant du milieu rural (26%). Le surpoids touche l'ensemble de cette population. L'IMC moyen des femmes tends vers l'obésité (IMC≈30): (29,21 Kg/m2 ± 3,1) pour le diabète gestationnel et (29,15 Kg/m2 ± 3,2) pour le diabète de type 2. Les valeurs du contrôle glycémique sont supérieures aux normes: avec 8,5% ± 2,6 > 7% pour l'hémoglobine glycosylée et 1,5 g/l ± 1,3 > 1,10g/l pour la Glycémie à jeun. La différence entre les valeurs de l'hémoglobine glycosylée entre les hommes (8,5 7% ± 2,6) et les femmes (8,1% ± 2,3) n'est pas significative (P > 0,05), même chose pour la Glycémie capillaire à jeun: pour les hommes (1,44 g/l ± 1,1) et les femmes (1,43 g/l ± 1,2). Les coefficients de corrélation de Pearson sont hautement significatifs (P<0,005); d'une part entre IMC et la Glycémie à jeun (r = 0,5) et d'autre part entre IMC et les valeurs de l'Hémoglobine glycosylée (r = 0,4).ConclusionL'ensemble des diabétiques présente des valeurs de l'IMC et du contrôle glycémique, supérieures aux normes. Des recherches approfondies sont nécessaires sur ces diabétiques afin de dresser un programme urgent de remédiation.

Introduction: Nutrition education is one of the fundamental axes in the management of diabetes. Objective: study the impact of two types of nutrition education (personalized and collective) on the glycemic control of diabetics in the province of Kenitra. Material and methods: The population was composed of 184 patients (86 men, 98 women) with an average age of (51.7±14.0) and an age range of [20 to 88.5]. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire containing socio-demographic and anthropometric information. Glycemic control was based on fasting glucose (GAJ), postprandial glucose (GPP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). These analyzes were taken in three separate phases with a duration of 3 months; T0 represents the initial state (before our intervention), t 1 and t 2 which represent the values of the three analyzes after our intervention. Participants were randomized into two groups: a group that received collective nutrition education (n=105) and another group (n=79) had a personalized (individual) education. BMI was the only anthropometric measure used. Results: The whole population is overweight (BMI>25) for either women or men, also the results of glycemic control are superior to the norms in the three stages (t 0 , t 1 or t 2). Nutrition education Personalized shows statistically significant differences in the variables studied as a function of time more than those studied in collective nutrition education (p=0.00 <0.05). Also the difference is significant between collective nutrition education and personalized nutritional education (P=0.00 <0.05) for the means of HBA1C (%) at t 1 and at t 2 ; Fasting glucose (g / l) at t 1 and t 2 and post-prandial glucose (g / l) at t 1 and t 2. Conclusion: The results of this study show that collective nutrition education yields significant results in terms of impact on glycemic control of theses diabetics. The number of studies on this aspect (nutrition education) remains modest, another study is desirable on a larger sample to better confirm our results.

Abbreviations: GPAQ, general physical activity questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalents; PA, physical activity; RCD, referral center of diabetes; WHO, world health organization Adv Obes Weight Manag Control. 2018;8(1):25-28. 25Abstract Introduction: A regular physical activity is associated with health outcomes and can reduce rates of a number of non-communicable diseases Objectives: describe the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior according to age and gender among diabetic's adults using the (General physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), in the province of Kenitra, Morocco. Material and methods:This study was carried out from January 2015 to April 2016, the target population was diabetics, The sample was consisted by 329 diabetics aged 18-86years (28,6% of men and 70,5% of women) living in Kenitra, Morocco. 12,7% were aged 18-39years, 65,5% were aged 40-64years and 20,8% were aged 65-86years. The Assessment of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior was performed by the Arabic version of the General physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Results:In general, 58,4% of adults showed a low level of PA, 23.2% fell within the moderate level of PA and 17.5% of people showed a high level of PA. Both men and women aged 40 -64years, have a high level of sedentary behavior: the higher percentages of a low and moderate physical activity correspond to diabetics aged 40-64, are respectively 16,84%, 31,58% (For male); and 16,24%, 41,03% (for women).There is no link between gender and the practice or not of physical activity (χ² =0,428 p=0.482>0 and V Cramer=0,044). Conclusion:Those diabetics present a low level of physical activity and a high level of sedentary behavior, which may lead to a lot of long-term complications. So to make sure of this hypothesis another research is necessary to study the impact of this lack of PA on the glycemic control of those diabetics.

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