The Severi degree is the degree of the Severi variety parametrizing plane
curves of degree d with delta nodes. Recently, G\"ottsche and Shende gave two
refinements of Severi degrees, polynomials in a variable y, which are
conjecturally equal, for large d. At y = 1, one of the refinements, the
relative Severi degree, specializes to the (non-relative) Severi degree.
We give a tropical description of the refined Severi degrees, in terms of a
refined tropical curve count for all toric surfaces. We also refine the
equivalent count of floor diagrams for Hirzebruch and rational ruled surfaces.
Our description implies that, for fixed delta, the refined Severi degrees are
polynomials in d and y, for large d. As a consequence, we show that, for delta
<= 10 and all d, both refinements of G\"ottsche and Shende agree and equal our
refined counts of tropical curves and floor diagrams.Comment: 41 pages, 8 figure
In this paper we study the holomorphic Euler characteristics of determinant line bundles on moduli spaces of rank 2 semistable sheaves on an algebraic surface X, which can be viewed as K-theoretic versions of the Donaldson invariants. In particular if X is a smooth projective toric surface, we determine these invariants and their wallcrossing in terms of the K-theoretic version of the Nekrasov partition function (called 5-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory compactified on a circle in the physics literature). Using the results of [43] we give an explicit generating function for the wallcrossing of these invariants in terms of elliptic functions and modular forms.
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