No abstract

Actualistic and observational studies of bird bone disarticulation, wear, and damage contribute to understanding the development of fossil assemblages and distinguishing non-cultural from cultural deposition. The American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) is known for seeking small bird carcasses to lay eggs and provide food for its brooding larvae. In this study, we examine the resulting body parts of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) carcasses to investigate the taphonomy resulting from the burial and feeding behavior of the beetles. Evidence of breakage, cracking, embedding, flaking, furrowing, pitting, polishing, and staining was observed on the bones of carcasses balled and brooded by the beetles. Based on the results, the implication of potential bird carcass intrusion in archaeological sites, where the beetle is found, is discussed.

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The importance of ex situ conservation of insects in research, education and practical conservation is described, and evaluation tools to help prioritize species conservation focus are discussed. Some insect conservation breeding programme case studies (which involve Gryllus campestris, Decticus verrucivorus, Motuweta isolata, Lycaeides melissa samuelis, Pareulype berberata, Nicrophorus americanus, Polposipus herculeanus and Dryococelus australis) are presented.