Several penta-and hexaalkylated guanidinium-based ionic liquids (GILs) were tested as solvents for the epoxidation of cyclooctene using the Venturello catalyst, [(C 8 H 17 , and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Epoxide yields were obtained in a broad range between 13 and 79 % depending on both the anion and the substituents on the guanidinium moiety. Recycling experiments showed that the catalyst can be used at least three times. Furthermore, new guanidinium phosphotungstates with the PW 12 O 40 3-anion were synthesized and characterized. Their catalytic performance was evaluated, and GILs as well as acetonitrile were employed as the solvent. Results

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Second generation biofuels are produced in the bioliq process at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology via gasification of pyrolysis oil and synthesis of gasoline from the emerging synthesis gas. An alternative strategy is the direct upgrading of the pyrolysis oil by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The present study reports on the HDO of guaiacol as one of the phenolic compounds strongly abundant in such mixtures. Special focus was laid on the solvent influence using Pt-based catalysts. Higher HDO ability was seen using nonpolar solvents and acidic supports. Characterization of the catalysts before and after the test showed that the solvent did not only influence the reactivity, but also the catalyst stability.

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