Although large and very large changes in serum sodium levels may simply reflect the severity of illness and/or the quality of care, a causal relationship with outcomes cannot be excluded. Cautious fluid and electrolyte management is recommended for very premature infants.

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If we applied the results of the adult trial to our PICU, we would have to treat 31% of the children with prophylactic erythropoietin and thereby expect a reduction of one red blood cell transfusion for every 17 treated patients.