BackgroundAerobic exercise training is associated with beneficial ventricular remodeling and an improvement in cardiac biomarkers in chronic stable heart failure. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time‐efficient method to improve trueV˙O2peak in stable coronary heart disease patients. This pilot study aimed to compare the effect of HIIT on ventricular remodeling in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsNineteen post‐AMI patients were randomized to either HIIT (n = 9) or usual care (n = 10). A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiac biomarker assessment (ie, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide levels and G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 expression) were performed before and after a 12‐week training intervention. CPET parameters including oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) and trueV˙O2 at the first ventilatory threshold (trueV˙O2 VT1) were calculated. left ventricular (LV) structural and functional echocardiographic parameters including myocardial strain imaging were assessed.Results trueV˙O2peak and OUES improved solely in the HIIT group (P < .05 for group/time, respectively). There was a significant training effect for the improvement of peak work load in both groups (P < .05). O2 pulse and trueV˙O2 at VT1 both improved only in the HIIT group (P < .05 for time, no interaction). HIIT improved radial strain and pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler imaging derived e′ (P < .05 for time, no interaction). Cardiac biomarkers did not change in either group.ConclusionsIn post‐AMI patients, HIIT lead to significant improvements in prognostic CPET parameters compared to usual care. HIIT was associated with favorable ventricular remodeling regarding certain echocardiographic parameters of LV function.

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Carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature but are among the least conserved biomolecules in life. These biopolymers pose a particular challenge to analytical chemists because of their high diversity and structural heterogeneity. In addition, they contain many isomerisms that complicate their structural characterization, notably by mass spectrometry. The tautomerism of the constitutive subunits is of particular interest. A given cyclized monosaccharide unit can take two forms: a most common 6membered ring (pyranose, p) and a more flexible 5-membered ring (furanose, f). The tautomers impact the biological properties of polysaccharides, resulting in interesting properties of the derived oligosaccharides. From an analytical point of view, the impact of tautomerism on the gas-phase behavior of ions has scarcely been described in the literature. In this work, we study the behavior of Galf-containing oligosaccharides, ionized as [M+Li] + species, under collisional dissociation (CID) conditions using high-resolution and multistage ion mobility (IMS) on a Cyclic IMS platform. In the first part of this work, we studied whether disaccharidic fragments released from Galf-containing (Gal) 1 (Man) 2 trisaccharides (and their Galp counterpart) would match the corresponding disaccharide standards, and�despite the fragments generally being a good match�we showed the possibility of Galf migrations and other unidentified alterations in the IMS profile. Next, we expanded on these unknown features using multistage IMS and molecular dynamics, unveiling the contributions of additional gas-phase conformers in the profile of fragments from a Galf-containing trisaccharide compared with the corresponding disaccharides.

Background: We compared the impacts of linear (LP) and non-linear (NLP) aerobic training periodizations on left ventricular (LV) function and geometry in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: 39 CAD patients were randomized to either a 3-month isoenergetic supervised LP or NLP. All underwent standard echocardiography with assessment of 3D LV ejection fraction (LVEF), diastolic function, strain (global longitudinal [GLS], radial and circumferential strain), and strain rate at baseline and study end. Training was performed 3 times/week and included high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training sessions. Training load was progressively increased in the LP group, while it was deeply increased and intercepted with a recovery week each fourth week in the NLP group. Results: On the 34 analyzed patients, we found similar improvements for 3D LVEF (Effect Size [ES], LP: 0.29 and NLP: 0.77), radial strain (ES, LP: 0.58; NLP: 0.48, and radial strain rate (ES, LP: 0.87; NLP: 0.17) in both groups (time for all: p≤0.01). All other parameters of cardiac function remained similar. Conclusion: NLP and LP leaded to similar improvements in 3D LVEF and radial strain suggesting a favorable positive cardiac remodeling through myofibers reorganization. These findings must be investigated in patients with more severe cardiac dysfunction. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03443193). Novelty: • Linear and non-linear periodization programs improved radial strain, accompanied by improvement of ejection fraction • Both aerobic periodization programs did not negatively impact cardiac function in coronary artery disease patients