Strongyle infection is an important issue in horse breeding. It impairs horse health and performance, with young horses being the most sensitive. Strongyle control has long relied on the systematic use of chemical treatments. However, expanding anthelmintic resistance among strongyles calls for alternative options. Mixed grazing is assumed to reduce strongyle load on the pasture as the result of a dilution effect. This has been shown in small ruminants grazing with cattle, but the putative benefits of co-grazing between horses and cattle have not yet been evaluated. Here, we conducted field surveys and face-to-face interviews on 44 farms from two contrasted saddle-horse production areas, Normandy and northern Massif Central, to compare equine strongyle management practices between specialized systems and mixed horse-cattle systems. Our goals were (i) to quantify breeders’ awareness of the putative benefits associated with the co-grazing of horses and cattle, (ii) to establish whether mixed farming was associated with different strongyle management strategies and (iii) to test whether strongyle egg excretion was reduced in horses grazed with beef cattle. Every breeder relied on systematic calendar treatments, and only 8 out of the 23 mixed breeders were aware that co-grazing of horses with cattle could be used as part of their strongyle control strategy. Management practices were similar across both systems in Normandy. In Massif Central, mixed breeders formed a distinct cluster from their specialized counterparts: deworming was less frequent and stocking density was higher in mixed farms, while specialized breeders seemed more willing to integrate herd and plot management into control strategies. Faecal egg counts measured in horses from Massif Central were significantly reduced when horses were grazed with cattle. This was the result of an increased reliance on macrocyclic lactones in mixed farms (P < 0.01) and a significant dilution effect (P < 0.01). When considering a subsample of horses treated with macrocyclic lactones only, young horses grazed with cattle had 50% fewer strongyle eggs excreted in their faeces than horses grazed in equine-only pastures (P < 0.01). This is the first evidence of the benefits of mixed grazing with cattle as an alternative to control strongyle infection in horses, although this promising alternative remains largely unknown by horse breeders.
Les systèmes d’élevage en Auvergne associent souvent plusieurs productions du fait de la géographie et de l’histoire régionale. Avec la transition agroécologique, la diversification des systèmes d’élevage herbivores est considérée comme un levier pour répondre à leurs enjeux productifs et environnementaux, mais les références techniques et organisationnelles manquent encore. Ici nous rapportons de nouvelles connaissances issues d’enquêtes réalisées dans trois types de systèmes diversifiés : polyculture-bovins viande, mixtes bovins-ovins et mixtes bovins-équins. Un modèle d’optimisation sous contrainte étend l’analyse au système bovins lait-viande, et simule l’empreinte carbone et la résilience des différents systèmes. Conduire deux espèces animales au sein d’une même exploitation permet de mieux gérer l’herbe et le parasitisme digestif, et peut ainsi réduire les intrants et les charges variables de l’exploitation. De même, l’association de cultures à un élevage bovins viande conduit à acheter moins d’aliments, et réduit les charges variables et l’empreinte carbone de l’exploitation. La mixité bovins-ovins dilue les coûts d’équipement pour la récolte des fourrages, les besoins en bâtiments, et sécurise le revenu. Peu d’équipements sont en revanche communs aux ateliers d’élevage et de cultures ce qui limite les économies de gamme en polyculture-bovins viande. Les fluctuations annuelles du revenu sont les moins tamponnées dans le système bovins lait-viande où les deux ateliers partagent le même marché de viande bovine. Enfin, la mixité d’espèces permet de mieux répartir le travail durant la campagne annuelle, la satisfaction liée à un travail varié étant également mise en avant par les éleveurs bovins-ovins et bovins-équins. Ainsi malgré des bénéfices d’amplitude variable selon les systèmes, la diversification des systèmes d’élevage herbivores peut accroître leur efficience et offre des clés d’adaptation face à la variabilité du contexte de production, sans nécessairement générer plus de travail.
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