Memory, comprehension of syntax, and orientation appear to be the cognitive domains most impacted by CST. One hypothesis is that the language-based nature of CST enhances neural pathways responsible for processing of syntax, possibly also aiding verbal recall. Another is that the reduction in negative self-stereotypes due to the de-stigmatising effect of CST may impact on language and memory, domains that are the primary focus of CST. Further research is required to substantiate these hypotheses.

Background/Aims: Although there is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of cognition-based psychological interventions in dementia, little is known about which neuropsychological domains are more amenable to change. Method: A systematic search identified randomised controlled trials grouped according to intervention type (cognitive training/cognitive stimulation). Methodological quality was evaluated. Results: Of the 129 studies identified, 18 met the inclusion criteria; 11 were ‘Cognitive Training’ and 7 ‘Cognitive Stimulation’. For Cognitive Training, it was not possible to conclude which (if any) domains are most amenable to change. For Cognitive Stimulation, there was good evidence for general cognitive enhancement, more specifically in language and memory. Conclusions: Further in-depth trials are needed to determine neuropsychological processes more clearly.

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