Lithiasis is a known side effect of ceftriaxone administration in children. Sex, age, weight, dosage, and duration of intake have been reported as risk factors for the formation of calcification or stones in the bile and urine excretory systems of children who received ceftriaxone. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the reported effects of ceftriaxone administration in pediatric patients who were admitted to a hospital due to infection, the likelihood of gallstones, nephroliths, or precipitations in both the biliary and urinary systems, as well as investigate the relationship with their mother’s history during pregnancy. Original studies and literature reviews from the PubMed database were included in the study. No time limit related to research or publication was set for the articles. The results were evaluated, aiming to understand the outcomes and identify any predisposing factors relevant to this side effect. Of the 181 found articles, 33 were appropriate for inclusion in the systematic review. The administered dose of ceftriaxone presented variability. Symptoms, such as abdominal pain and vomiting, were associated with ceftriaxone-related lithiasis in many cases. It was noted that most of the results were the outcomes of retrospective observation and not of prospective randomized research. Definitively, more randomized control studies with long-term outcomes are needed to identify the exact association between ceftriaxone and lithiasis in children.

Summary: Vascular handlebar syndrome with blunt injury of the common femoral artery is a rare vascular trauma mechanism, with high possibility of being missed or delayed. We present two cases of vascular handlebar syndrome treated in our hospital and a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. Literature review identified 20 similar cases. The median age of patients was 18 years, and in vast majority males in gender. In most cases, the common femoral artery injury was an intimal flap and lumen occlusion with intramural thrombosis followed by transection and intimal injury without occlusion or thrombosis. The median time between injury and diagnosis/treatment was half an hour. Clinical presentation ranged from asymptomatic to acute limb ischemia. The grade of acute ischemia was mostly Rutherford class I (n=14), while acute IIa (n=4), chronic ischemia (n=3), and no ischemia (n=1) were also noticed. The correct diagnosis was revealed by clinical examination only (n=1), or by the combination of clinical and imaging techniques including computed tomography angiography (n=7) and duplex ultrasonography (n=4) or both (n=10). Management of the handlebar trauma syndrome injuries was surgical in most cases. Outcome was favorable in all patients. Vascular handlebar syndrome is extremely rare and high suspicion is required for early diagnosis and definitive treatment, as the early management is effective and crucial for averting the devastating consequences. An individualized approach to the vascular trauma patient is to be applied with considerations taken to the age of the patient, the mechanism of the injury, the anatomy of the lesion, and symptomatology of the case.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an increasing deterioration of university students’ quality of life and mental health. COVID-19 pandemic forced university students to take online classes, which may have an impact on students’ education. In addition, students lost many job opportunities because of the pandemic. Faced with unemployment and study pressure and worried about the epidemic, university students were prone to high overall negative emotions, anxiety, and depression. Our study aims to conduct an impact assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life and mental health of university students.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online interview survey on students at public universities in Greece to better understand the effects of the pandemic on their quality of life and mental health. Three tools were used (WHOQOL-BREF, IES-R, and HADS) as well as five separate questions directed only at participants who have been previously hospitalized due to self-destructive behaviors. Results: 1.266 university students from public Greek Universities participated in the study, 73.1% of which were female, 26,3% were male. We observed that 55,8% had a score lower than 50 in the psychological domain and 52,3% in the social domain of WHOQOL-BREF. Additionally, 46.6% of the respondents had a score of 37+ on the IES-R questionnaire, 45% of the respondents had abnormal results regarding anxiety and 33.6% had abnormal results regarding depression on the HADS questionnaire. Conclusions: Due to the long duration of the pandemic and measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on the quality of university education as well as the quality of life and wellbeing of students. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and strategies to address the quality of life and mental health consequences of university students.

No abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an increasing deterioration of university students’ quality of life and mental health. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online interview survey on students at public universities in Greece to better understand the effects of the pandemic on their quality of life and mental health. Three tools were used (WHOQOL-BREF, IES-R, and HADS).1.266 university students from public Greek Universities participated in the study. We observed that 55,8% had a score lower than 50 in the psychological domain and 52,3% in the social domain of WHOQOL-BREF. Additionally, 46.6% of the respondents had a score of 37+ on the IES-R questionnaire, 45% of the respondents had abnormal results regarding anxiety and 33.6% had abnormal results regarding depression on the HADS questionnaire. Due to the long duration of the pandemic and measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on the quality of life and wellbeing of students. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and strategies to address the quality of life and mental health consequences of university students.