A simple four-state model containing five-parameters, in conjunction with experimental conversion, particle number density and average molar masses, is presented to reproduce the semicontinuous heterophase polymerization of butyl methacrylate. The model adequately describes the experimental evolutions of conversion, particle size, average number of particles, average number of radicals per particle, and molar mass. A coagulation mechanism was detected and its rate constant was evaluated. The entry coefficient and the critical radical concentration in the aqueous phase were approximately constant and the exit rate coefficient decreased with monomer feed rate. Homogeneous nucleation is the dominant mechanism of production of particles, micellar nucleation occurs at the slowest feeding rate examined.
New oil-in-alcohol highly concentrated emulsions were formulated and were used as a templates to obtain macroporous poly(furfuryl alcohol) monoliths by a one-step method. The oil-in-alcohol highly concentrated emulsions were prepared by stepwise addition of the oil phase to the surfactant-alcohol solution and were characterized by optical microscopy and by laser diffraction. The typical structure of highly concentrated emulsions, with close-packed polyhedral droplets, has been observed. Poly(furfuryl alcohol) monoliths were obtained by polymerizing in the external phase of these emulsions. These materials are mainly macroporous and retain the size distribution and morphology from the highly concentrated emulsions. The internal structure of the monoliths was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The images showed an interconnected network with pore size similar to the droplet size of the highly concentrated emulsions used as templates.
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