Salmonellosis has a worldwide relevance in aspects associated with public health, as only in 2009 were reported 93.8 million cases in humans. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence, risk factors and bacteriological and molecular identification of Salmonella spp in stray dogs in urban, rural and coastal areas of Mexicali, a city in northwest Mexico. From May 2014 to February 2015, 385 dogs were tested. Sampling was performed by rectal swab and conventional bacteriological techniques were applied, for later implementation of the API 20E system and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analysed statistically by means of descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression modelling. A prevalence of 6.27% was obtained in the dogs examined, the samples obtained were characterised to subspecies (Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica and Salmonella enterica subspecie arizonae). The geographical region with the highest prevalence in the study was the coast (10%), followed by the rural area (8.57%) and the urban area (5.8%), however, no significant statistical differences were detected. There was significant difference in the prevalence by age of dogs under one year (P<0.05). The identification of Salmonella in dogs from northwest Mexico could correspond to serovars of zoonotic importance indicating a potential risk for the population.
La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad de alto impacto económico para la industria lechera, y algunos de los agentes etiológicos que la provocan también son de interés en el ámbito de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las especies bacterianas aisladas de casos de mastitis bovina, provenientes de siete establos lecheros ubicados en la Península de Baja California. Se tomaron 316 muestras de leche de igual número de cuartos, pertenecientes a 186 vacas en producción que a la prueba de California tuvieron reacción positiva. Se obtuvieron 182 aislados bacterianos de 163 cuartos pertenecientes a 106 vacas y se identificaron por PCR y secuenciación, dando un total de 20 especies diferentes. Además, se obtuvieron las frecuencias relativas, siendo los agentes causales más frecuentes: Staphylococcus aureus (58.8 %), Streptococcus agalactiae (13.2 %), Staphylococcus chromogenes (8.8 %), Escherichia coli (2.2 %) y Streptococcus uberis (2.2 %). El 6.13 % (10/163) de los cuartos con aislamiento presentaron infección mixta, siendo la combinación más frecuente S. aureus con S. agalactiae 30 % (3/10). Estos resultados indican una alta frecuencia y diversidad de patógenos de carácter contagioso y ambiental que provocan mastitis en ganado lechero en la región de estudio, siendo algunos de importancia para la salud pública. Los resultados observados, muestran que las causas de la mastitis son diversas, por lo que es indispensable mejorar las medidas de control y prevención, pero también establecer el diagnóstico de rutina para lograr controlar la mastitis.
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