Salmonellosis has a worldwide relevance in aspects associated with public health, as only in 2009 were reported 93.8 million cases in humans. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence, risk factors and bacteriological and molecular identification of Salmonella spp in stray dogs in urban, rural and coastal areas of Mexicali, a city in northwest Mexico. From May 2014 to February 2015, 385 dogs were tested. Sampling was performed by rectal swab and conventional bacteriological techniques were applied, for later implementation of the API 20E system and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analysed statistically by means of descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression modelling. A prevalence of 6.27% was obtained in the dogs examined, the samples obtained were characterised to subspecies (Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica and Salmonella enterica subspecie arizonae). The geographical region with the highest prevalence in the study was the coast (10%), followed by the rural area (8.57%) and the urban area (5.8%), however, no significant statistical differences were detected. There was significant difference in the prevalence by age of dogs under one year (P<0.05). The identification of Salmonella in dogs from northwest Mexico could correspond to serovars of zoonotic importance indicating a potential risk for the population.
Palabras claves: parásitos, helmintiasis, suelo, salud pública, perros RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio en 56 parques públicos de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California, México, con la finalidad de conocer el nivel de contaminación del suelo con huevos de Toxocara canis. La selección de parques fue aleatoria y la duración del muestreo para estimar la variabilidad de la contaminación respecto a las estaciones fue de un año. Las muestras de suelo fueron analizadas con la técnica de flotación con solución salina saturada. Se encontró que la frecuencia de parques contaminados fue de 54 % y que la contaminación especifica más frecuente por parásito se debió a Toxocara canis con 46.4 %, nivel menor en 16.1 % comparado con un estudio realizado en 2007. Asimismo, se encontraron otros parásitos como Ancylostoma caninum (5.3 %) y finalmente, en un solo parque, Spirocerca spp. y Strongylus spp. (1.78 %). La concentración de contaminación por huevos de T. canis fue de 1.6 huevos por 66 g de suelo, valor bajo en comparación con otros estudios en el país y el mundo; aún así, representa un riesgo para la salud pública local.
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