En este trabajo se evalúan las estrategias declaradas en el autoinforme y el control de la comprensión lectora (metacomprensión) en una prueba con textos científicos breves manipulados en 118 alumnos de educación secundaria en Madrid. El objetivo de esta investigación es verificar el grado de correlación entre lo declarado por cada alumno y el desempeño real ejecutado en la prueba. Los resultados evidencian una asociación significativa, aunque baja. De las once subescalas valoradas según lo que los alumnos declaran, solo tres, control emocional, recuperación y organización de la información, resultan significativas en el modelo explicativo construido mediante regresión logística, no estando presente las estrategias metacognitivas. Se propone el uso conjunto de instrumentos de autoinforme y del desempeño de tareas para valorar el uso real de las estrategias de aprendizaje. Do students apply the learning strategies they report? Study of reading comprehension monitorng in scientific texts A B S T R A C T In this paper we analyzed the self-reported learning strategies and reading comprehension control in manipulated scientific texts in a group of 118 students in the first year of Secondary Education. The main goal of this study is to check the correlation between what students declared and their performance in reading comprehension of texts. Results show a significant association, although low. Of the eleven rated scales, only three, emotional control, recovery, and organization, were significant in the explanatory model constructed by logistic regression, metacognitive strategies being left out. A combined use of self-report instruments with assessment instruments was suggested in order to value the actual utilization of learning strategies.
ResumenEl proceso de aprendizaje de un alumno puede verse afectado negativamente cuando su control de la comprensión lectora no es adecuado. Esta investigación se centra en cómo una muestra de alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y Bachillerato evalúan su comprensión lectora con textos científicos manipulados. El instrumento fue diseñado ad hoc para establecer qué nivel de control de la comprensión alcanzan los alumnos cuando leen textos cortos del área de ciencias con una contradicción añadida. Los resultados indican que en los cursos de 1º y 3º de ESO, predomina una evaluación y/o regulación inadecuada, en cambio en 1º de Bachillerato la evaluación y regulación adecuada es más frecuente. Por otra parte, no se han encontrado diferencias significativas por el tipo de texto, en relación al curso o género. Finalmente, las correlaciones entre el control de la comprensión y las calificaciones escolares indican una asociación débil e inversamente proporcional a la edad de los educandos, resultados que concuerdan con los estudios previos. Palabras clave: metacognición, educación secundaria obligatoria y bachillerato, metacomprensión, control de la comprensión. AbstractStudents' learning process can be negatively affected when their reading and comprehension control is not appropriated. This research focuses on the analysis of how a group of students from high school evaluate their reading comprehension in manipulated scientific texts. An analysis tool was designed to determine the students' degree of comprehension control when ________________
ResumenEn este artículo se persigue analizar las estrategias de aprendizaje, el control de la compresión lectora y el rendimiento académico, en Lengua castellana y Matemáticas, para una muestra de 118 alumnos de Educación Secundaria en Madrid. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre el grupo clasificado como lector hábil y el no hábil. De hecho, en el grupo lector hábil predominan el control emocional (F = 8.52, p = .004), la selección de información relevante (F = 12.17, p = .001), el pensamiento crítico y creativo (F = 6.06, p =.015), la recuperación de la información aprendida (F = 5.55, p = .014) y la planificación y la evaluación de la información como parte del proceso de metacognición (F = 3.64, p = .014). Por último, existen indicios de que el control de la comprensión lectora pueda explicar en parte el rendimiento académico y por tanto ser una variable predictora.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje; lectura; rendimiento escolar. Learning strategies, reading comprehension and academic achievement in Secondary Education AbstractThis paper analyses learning strategies and reading comprehension control with academic achievement in the subjects of Language and Mathematics in 118 students from Secondary Education in Madrid. The results showed significative differences between skilled reader / non skilled reader groups. In fact, in skilled reader group prevail emotional control (F = 8.52, p = .004), selection of relevant information (F = 12.17, p = .001), critical and creative thinking (F = 6.06, p =.015), recovery of learnt information (F = 5.55, p = .014) and planification and evaluation for results as a part of metacognitive processes. Finally, reading comprehension control could explain partially academic performance in these subjects and so it could be a predictor variable.Keywords: Learning; reading; academic achievement. Estratégias de aprendizagem, compreensão leitora e rendimento acadêmico na Educação Secundária ResumoNeste artigo busca-se analisar as estratégias de aprendizagem, o controle da compreensão leitora e o rendimento acadêmico em Língua castelhana e Matemática em uma amostra de 118 alunos de Educação Secundária de Madri. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos classificados como leitor hábil e não hábil. De fato, no grupo leitor hábil predominam o controle emocional (F = 8.52,p = .004), a seleção de informação relevante (F = 12.17, p = .001), o pensamento crítico e criativo (F = 6.06, p =.015), a recuperação da informação aprendida (F = 5.55, p = .014) e o planejamento e a avaliação da informação como parte do processo de metacognição (F = 3.64, p = .014). Por último, há indícios de que o controle da compreensão leitora possa explicar em parte o rendimento acadêmico e portanto ser uma variável preditora.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem; leitura; rendimento escolar.
RESUMEN • El trabajo contrasta algunas características del pensamiento crítico que se intenta promover en las clases de ciencias con las características de una clase de pensamiento que hemos llamado anticrítico, promovido por ciertos actores sociales. Para ello, en primer lugar, se analizan las caracterizaciones del pensamiento crítico, en especial su carácter evaluativo basado en estándares de calidad. A continuación, se examinan algunos ejemplos de pensamiento anticrítico que violan deliberadamente los estándares de claridad y precisión cuya aplicación se intenta desarrollar en la escuela. Finalmente, se concluye resaltando la importancia de promover el tratamiento explícito del pensamiento anticrítico mediante enfoques interdisciplinarios en las aulas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Pensamiento crítico; Estándares de pensamiento; Aprendizaje informal de la ciencia ABSTRACT • This paper compares some characteristics of critical thinking promoted in science classes with characteristics of a type of thinking which we have called anti-critical, promoted by some social actors. For this purpose, firstly, we analyze the conceptualizations of critical thinking, especially its evaluative character based on quality standards. Next, we examine some examples of anti-critical thinking that deliberately violate the standards of clarity and precision intended to be developed at schools. Finally, we conclude by stressing the importance of promoting specific interdisciplinary instruction on anti-critical thinking in the classroom.
In recent years, Spain's adult population has been characterised by high unemployment rates, particularly among peopled aged over 18 who do not have the Compulsory Secondary Education certificate. Their training in key competences, such as reading comprehension, would provide them with fundamental learning, empowerment, and better employment opportunities. This empirical study examines the relationship between the use of metacognitive skills while reading and improved reading comprehensionpreviously shown in other studies -evaluating both constructs and attempting to establish whether there is a relationship between them in a sample of 143 adult secondary education students. Research outcomes in reading competence were lower than expected, with significant differences between stages and average use of metacognitive strategies, influenced by gender and age. A significant, linear, and low to moderate degree relationship was found between two of the metacognitive strategies evaluated and so a predictive model was constructed in which age, level, and use of strategies for problemsolving and reading-support are predictive variables explaining 23.4% of the variance in reading skills. We also suggest some changes regarding teacher practice, prioritising active and self-regulating reading.
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