Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory state that leads to potentially degenerative changes in brain metabolism. Sustained pictures of hypoinsulinemia trigger phosphorylation of the tau protein and production of amyloid plaques, forming senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissue. Diabetic patients have a higher incidence of cognitive impairment and a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common type of dementia characterized by chronic neurodegeneration involving early synaptotoxicity, suggesting critical links between DM and AD, currently characterized as Type 3 Diabetes. This work aimed to induce DM in Wistar rats and measure demographic neurological changes, through serological, histological, immunohistochemical, anthropometric and exploratory behavior analysis.