BACKGROUNDThe frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/ AIDS patients is second only to pulmonary diseases. The degree of immunodeficiency is related to the level of CD4+ counts, which is a good index for monitoring the disease progression. It is expected that as the immune status decreases, susceptibility to infection and consequently abnormal sonographic findings should increase.The aim of the study was to perform abdominal ultrasonography in adult HIV-infected patients and correlate these findings with CD4 counts of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS100 adult HIV infected patients were scanned with abdominal ultrasonography and the findings were documented and correlated with their CD4+ counts. Statistical Analysis Used-Data analysis was done using SPSS 21.0. Two-tailed 'p' values < 0.05 were considered significant. Settings and Design-This was a prospective cross-sectional study using sample size of 100 HIV infected patients, conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal from March 2015 to September 2016. RESULTSSplenomegaly, splenic granuloma, focal hypoechoic liver lesions, renomegaly, lymphadenopathy and ascites showed significant correlation with CD4 counts. Incidence of increased renal echogenicity, bowel thickening and hepatomegaly was higher in low CD4 classes, but no statistically significant correlation was found. CONCLUSIONAbdominal ultrasonography is an excellent and sensitive modality for routine screening of HIV infected patients and focussed assessment in lower CD4 classes and help in early detection of both infective and neoplastic aetiologies. It can also help in guided FNAC/ Biopsies in suspected cases of neoplasms.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest complaint of adult females presenting into the gynaecologic departments. In most of the patients the bleeding is due to the functional endometrial lesion, while the cause is hormonal in rest of the patients. These patients usually need invasive procedures like hysteroscopy or HSG for evaluation of intracavitary lesion. The aim of this study is to assess the role of Saline Infusion Sonography (SIS) in detecting the intracavitary (endometrial) lesions of uterus in patient with abnormal uterine bleeding and thickened endometrium on Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS) and establishing its diagnostic accuracy. METHODThis prospective hospital-based study includes SIS examination of 80 adult female patients who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and demonstrated thickened endometrium on transvaginal ultrasound at Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), for the period of six months. Written informed consent from all the patients taken. All patients were evaluated on the same day and findings were recorded. RESULT60 patients out of 80 showed presence of functional endometrial lesion. Most common endometrial pathology was submucosal myoma followed by endometrial polyps. Most rare cases were of Uterine Synechiae {2 in number}. SIS yielded high sensitivity and specificity for intracavitary lesions and diagnostic accuracy for submucosal myoma and endometrial polyp was 100%. CONCLUSIONSIS proved to be highly sensitive and specific method to diagnose intracavitary lesion of uterus. The method is minimally invasive, well tolerated and easy to carry out under hospital settings with very less incidence of post-procedural complications (No major complication in this study). It can be used to replace hysteroscopy to diagnose various intracavitary (endometrial) lesion of uterus. KEYWORDSSaline Infusion Sonography (SIS), Thickened Endometrium, AUB, Endometrial Pathologies. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Maravi P, Verma V, Kaushal L, et al. Saline infusion sonography in assessment of endometrial pathologies in patients with thickened endometrium presenting with AUB.