Thoracic cage is made up of twelve thoracic vertebrae, twelve pairs of ribs and costal cartilages (CC) and a sternum. Ribs articulate anteriorly with sternum through CC which are flattened bars of hyaline cartilage considered as unossified anterior part of embryonic cartilaginous ribs. Numerical and structural variations of ribs are well documented. In the present study, we observed both structural and numerical variations of thoracic cage, bilaterally. On both the sides, eleven pair of ribs were present, instead of seven, six true ribs were found and second rib with CC was absent. Second and third CC and third CC of right and third CC of left side were bifid. Cartilaginous bridges were present between various CC on both sides. In the midline xiphoid process was found to be bifid. These variations are of immense help to the physicians, surgeons and radiologists.
Knowledge of the ramification pattern of the right branch of portal vein is important in right lobectomy and right lobe liver transplant. Aims and objectives: To find the ramification pattern of right branch of portal vein. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 formalin fixed liver obtained from adult cadavers from the dissection hall of Department of Anatomy. Right branch of portal vein was exposed by blunt dissection using ''finger fracture technique'' of liver parenchyma along the Cantlie's plane up to sub-segmental branches. Results and conclusion: The right branch of portal vein was found to be absent in 23.33% (7 specimens), bifurcated in 33.33% (10 specimens), trifurcated in 40% (12 specimens) and divided into four branches in 3.33% (1 specimen).
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