Surgery for intraventricular tumors remains a controversial and evolving field, with endoscopic resection becoming more popular. We present a series of nine consecutive cases of purely endoscopic resection of intraventricular tumors with the aid of an ultrasonic aspirator specific for neuroendoscopy. Nine patients (five men, four women) aged 18-74 years (mean 43.7) underwent surgery. The most common symptom was headache. In all cases, magnetic resonance imaging showed single supratentorial intraventricular lesions (five lateral ventricle, four third ventricle). The average maximum diameter was 20.5 mm (range 11-42). Associated hydrocephalus was found in eight cases at diagnosis. Five patients underwent complete macroscopic resection. Three underwent subtotal resection and one underwent partial resection (two thirds of the tumor). The mean endoscopic procedure time was 70 min (37-209). The eight patients with associated hydrocephalus also underwent endoscopic septostomy to improve cerebral spinal fluid circulation, with one patient additionally requiring endoscopic third ventriculostomy and another requiring Monro foraminoplasty. One patient required ventriculoperitoneal shunting. The mean post-operative follow-up was 15.1 months (range 2-33). At the time of analysis, no patient showed recurrence or regrowth of the operated lesion. The histological diagnoses and degree of resection were three subependymomas with complete resection, three colloid cysts with two complete and one subtotal resection, one pilocytic astrocytoma with partial resection (approximately two thirds of the lesion), one epidermoid tumor with subtotal resection, and one central neurocytoma with subtotal resection. The endoscopic ultrasonic surgical aspirator can be a safe and effective tool for the removal of intraventricular tumors, even in firmer solid lesions.

To review our experience over 10 years in endoscopic resection of third ventricular colloid cysts, describing the details of the transventricular-transchoroidal approach used in selected patients. This series included 24 patients with colloid cysts of the third ventricle treated in our department between October 2001 and January 2013 using an endoscopic approach. Clinical presentation, preoperative radiological findings, endoscopic technique employed, and complications were assessed in all patients. The mean length of patient follow-up was 5.16 years. The most common symptom was headache (75%). The average size of the resected colloid cysts was 16.25 mm, the maximum diameter measured in cranial magnetic resonance imaging. Resection was transforaminal in 16 cases (66.7%), transchoroidal in 7 (29.17%), and transseptal in 1; macroscopically complete resection was achieved in 23 of 24 procedures (95.8%). Complications included three intraventricular hemorrhages, four memory deficits (two of them transient), one case of temporary potomania, two soft tissue infections, and one meningitis. There were no statistically significant differences between the route of resection and number of complications. The Glasgow Outcome Scale at 1 year after surgery was 5 in 82.6% of the patients. A transventricular endoscopic approach allows macroscopically complete resection of third ventricle colloid cysts in most cases. The option of opening the choroidal fissure (transventricular-transchoroidal approach) during the procedure can address third ventricle colloid cysts that do not emerge sufficiently through the foramen of Monro without increasing procedure-related morbidity.

Este trabalho restitui os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a comercialização de samambaia-preta (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst) Ching), também conhecida como verdes, que é extraída na região da Encosta Atlântica do Rio Grande do Sul. Além de ser considerada uma das maiores regiões produtoras desta folhagem no Brasil, um número significativo de agricultores familiares desta região tem na extração desta espécie sua principal fonte de renda. Os resultados deste estudo permitem perceber a existência de uma remuneração bastante diferenciada entre os diferentes agentes envolvidos, salientando o predomínio de relações de cunho comercial precárias e informais, e a inexistência de representação e organização dos atores envolvidos. Tal situação pode ser imputada, em grande parte, ao caráter ilegal e clandestino desta atividade, tendo em vista a legislação ambiental vigente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
This work shows the results of research on the leather fern (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching) trade that it's extracted at the Atlantic Slope region of Rio Grande do Sul. Besides being considered one of the greatest fern producing regions of Brazil, a significant number of local family farmers have in the extraction of this species their main income source. The results of this study allowed us to verify the existence of a very differentiated compensation in different agents involved, emphasizing the predominance of precarious and informal commercial relations, and the inexistence of representation and organization of the involved players. This situation is a consequence of the illegal and clandestine character of this activity, in view of the effective environmental legislation in Rio Grande do Sul State

No abstract

RESUMONo âmbito da discussâo sobre os dilemas entre preservação da natureza e desenvolvimento. este texto , procura analisar a especificidade da agricultura familiar numa Area de Proteção Ambiental onde os agricultores e demais moradores do meio rural são submetidos a leis restritivas do uso agricola e extrativista. A pesquisa atualmente em andamento na APA que abrange o município de Guaraqueçaba, litoral norte do Paraná -Brasil, busca compreender como estes agricultores e moradores procuram assegurar a sua reprodução social tanto pelo manejo do patrimônio cultural local como por adaptaçôes e mudanças de seu modo de vida. buscando interagir e fazer face às transformaçôes atuais do seu ambiente socioeconômico e aos impasses criados pela legislação ambiental.