This paper examines the various linguistic features used by Cameroonian writers of English expression in order to mark focus and emphasis, with reference to thirteen literary works of five prominent Cameroonian writers namely, Linus T. Asong, Shadrach A. Ambanasom, Francis B. Nyamnjoh, Eugène Konyuy and Ngoran Tardzenyuy. The findings of the study reveal that these writers make use of thematised deixis and phrases, emphatic deixis, pronoun copying or double subject constructions, emphasis with "pronoun (subject) + tell+ pronoun (object)" and reduplication in order to mark focus and emphasis. It is also found that, though with different patterns, some of the focus and emphasis constructions found in Cameroonian literary works are also attested in the works of other writers of the "outer circle". This can be attributed to two main factors: the influence of Cameroonian writers of English expression by other African writers and the fact that Cameroonian writers, like other African writers are influenced by their background languages (Bantu languages) which display a lot of similarities.

Abstract-Drawing data from fifteen works of seven Cameroonian writers of English expression, this paper examines non-standard idioms in this area of English language use laying emphasis not only on the various processes via such idioms are created but also on their impact on English language learning as well as on intelligibility. The findings of the study reveal that these non-standard idioms are obtained via the translation of home languages expressions, coining and modification of Standard British English expressions. Besides, it is argued in the paper that given that in the Cameroonian educational system, English language learners are tested on the basis of native English models, these non-standard idioms can be counterproductive to the learning of English language as well as on the intelligibility of the writers with their readership. The paper intends to contribute to the ongoing debate about the problematic concerning the consumption of non-native English literary works.Index Terms-non-standard idioms, language learning, intelligibility, native English model, non-native English literary works

Drawing data from eleven literary works of six Anglophone Cameroonian writers (Asong, Kongnyuy, Ambanasom, Tardzenyuy, Nyamnjoh, Nkemngong Nkengasong, this paper studies how Anglophone Cameroon writers make use of linguistic resources (lexes and discourse) for the preservation and transmission of cultural heritage (values and knowledge) as well as the linguistic strategies of insertion of these cultural values and knowledge in these texts. The analysis reveals that in the ongoing globalized world where cultural values and knowledge in many African countries are gradually losing grounds due to the influence of Western cultural practices, literary texts can be one of the means to preserve these cultural values and knowledge so as to transmit them to future generations. Besides, it is found that various linguistic strategies are utilized by these writers in order to insert these cultural values and knowledge in their literary works: loanwords, loanblends, loantranslations, idiomatic formation, Cameroon Pidgin-English discourses, French discourses and proverbs. It is recommended that in the selection of literary texts to be used in the secondary and high schools of African countries that priority should be given the literary texts which embody the cultural values and knowledge of their countries. This will enable African students in general and Cameroonian students in particular to be more versed with some cultural values and knowledge of their sociocultural environments.Also, in some of these countries, for instance, Cameroon, the setting up of national policies concerning the teaching of local culture is very recent and is not yet very effective in educational settings (nursery, primary, secondary and high schools) throughout the country.So, the need to develop strategies in order to safeguard the cultural heritage becomes expedient if at all African people want this heritage to stand the test of time. This heritage can be preserved not only through museums (especially the material/physical heritage) but also through written documents such as literary works. It is therefore argued in this paper that literary works can be used as a means or reservoir for the preservation and transmission of cultural heritage.Anglophone Cameroonian literary works have drawn the attention of various language researchers. It has been found that Anglophone Cameroonian novelists, like many non-native writers of English expression make use of various linguistic features to subject the English language into the sociocultural imperatives of the Cameroonian society. Some of them are the following:

This paper sets out to study in a comparative perspective the semantics and the characteristics of the metaphors for bribe used by Cameroonians and Nigerians and discuss the factors which can account for the choice of these metaphors. The data for the study were collected from participant observation, novels, interviews, scientific papers and online sources and the work is discussed from the vantage point of functional grammar and cognitive linguistics. The findings of the study reveal that in order to lessen the appalling nature of the act of asking for bribes, avoid sounding ridiculous and render incomprehensible the message of asking for bribe from people who are not familiar with it, these language users utilize various types of metaphors (object metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors, vegetative metaphors as well as zoomorphic metaphors). These metaphors display some similarities (which can be accounted for by the geographical proximity between the two countries) and differences: both utilize almost the same types of metaphors and to a lesser extent the same lexical items to refer to bribe but in different proportions (object metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphors, vegetative metaphors as well as zoomorphic metaphors). Furthermore, it is found that the values conveyed by these metaphors fall under the domains of foodstuff and drinks, fauna, human beings and body parts, mailing and transportation as well as abstract realities. Also, some of these metaphors can be characterized as being meliorative, pejorative, vindictive and kinesthetic. Moreover, it is found that cultural, social and economic factors can provide insights to the understanding of the choice of the values used to refer to bribe by these language users. In addition, the values used to represent bribes in these countries are a depiction of their multilingual complex nature.

This paper examines the various processes via which novel idiomatic expressions are created in Cameroon English creative writing. The expressions, drawn from fifteen literary works of seven Cameroonian novelists, are classified into three major categories: expressions obtained via the translation of home language and Popular French expressions; locally coined expressions and the expressions obtained via the modification of Standard British English (henceforth SBrE) expressions. The last category includes three subcategories, namely the expressions obtained via the substitution of lexes in SBrE expressions; those obtained via the deletion or addition of lexes in SBrE expressions; and the expressions obtained either both via the substitution and addition or through the substitution, addition and deletion of some lexes in SBrE expressions. It is argued in the paper that a good understanding of these novel expressions is conditioned by the readers' familiarity to some linguistic and extralinguistic factors found in the Cameroonian sociocultural environment.