Blockchain is a distributed ledger that combines technologies such as timestamp, cryptography, consensus mechanism, and peer-to-peer network. In the field of data recording and management, the blockchain data query scheme based on smart contracts consumes a lot of resources, and blockchain platforms that do not support smart contracts cannot achieve convenient data query. This study proposes a blockchain data sharing query scheme based on threshold secret sharing. The secret elements used to query data are shared through the Blakley space plane equation to limit the rights of the inquirer, ensuring the security of blockchain data query. At the same time, the Blakley space plane equation coefficient matrix is used to segment the data to be uploaded to the blockchain. It solves the problem that the data cannot be directly stored in the block due to their large size. It facilitates data uploading to the blockchain. The experimental results show that the additional time consumption of the secret sharing and recovery, data segmentation, and reconstruction of this scheme is much less than the block generation time. Therefore, this solution will not affect the normal operation of blockchain applications and can improve the security and the fault tolerance rate of data query.