ResumoIntrodução: Nefrolitíase é comum e tem alta taxa de recorrência. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência das principais alterações metabólicas e anatômicas e a análise química do cálculo encontrado em pacientes com nefrolitíase na região Oeste do Paraná. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo em 681 pacientes adultos com nefrolitíase. A investigação laboratorial incluiu pelo menos duas amostras de urina de 24 horas, com dosagens de cálcio, ácido úrico, citrato, oxalato, sódio e creatinina; cistinúria qualitativa, pH urinário após 12 horas de jejum e restrição hídrica, urocultura e análise química do cálculo, quando disponível. Técnicas de imagem renal incluíram pelo menos ultrassonografia e urografia excretora. Resultados: As alterações metabólicas mais frequentemente encontradas foram: hipercalciúria (51,8%), hiperuricosúria (27,6%) e hipocitratúria (23,5%). A análise química dos cálculos mostrou oxalato de cálcio em 85,7% dos casos. As alterações anatô-micas mais frequentes foram: cisto renal, duplicação pieloureteral e obstrução da junção pieloureteral. Conclusões: Este trabalho serviu de base para o conhecimento das características de pacientes com nefrolitíase na região Oeste do Paraná. Palavras-chave: nefrolitíase, hipercalciúria, oxalato de cálcio. AbstRActIntroduction: Nephrolithiasis is common and has a high rate of recurrence. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of the main metabolic and anatomical changes and the chemical analysis of stone found in patients with nephrolithiasis in the West region of Paraná. Methods: Retrospective study with 681 adult patients with nephrolithiasis. The laboratory investigation included at least two samples of 24-hour urine test with doses of calcium, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, sodium and creatinine; qualitative cystinuria, urinary pH following 12-hour fast and water restriction, urine culture and chemical analysis, when the stones were available. Renal imaging techniques included at least renal ultrasound and excretory urogram. Results: The metabolic changes most frequently found were: hypercalciuria (51.8%), hyperuricosuria (27.6%), and hypocitraturia (23.5%). Chemical analysis of stones showed calcium oxa late in 85.7% of the cases. The most frequently anatomical changes were renal cyst, duplicated ureter, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Conclusions: This paper served as a base for knowing the characteristics of patients with nephrolithiasis in the West area of Paraná.
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