Background: Patients affected by COVID-19 may develop an impaired lung function, with reduced lung capacities and volumes, respiratory muscle weakness, changes in radiographic and tomographic findings, limitations in exercising, decreased functional capacity, depression, anxiety and reduced quality of life. Thus, we aimed to analyze the effects of a pulmonary and functional rehabilitation program on the functional capacity, lung function and respiratory muscle strength in patients who were affected by COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: This is a pilot clinical trial, composed of post-COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate or severe involvement, in which, they underwent a pulmonary and functional rehabilitation program. Patients were evaluated for functional capacity by the 6 min walk test, pulmonary function by spirometry, respiratory muscle strength by manovacuometry, handgrip strength by dynamometry, quality of life by the COPD Assessment Test and functional status by the PCFS. After the initial assessments, the patients performed the rehabilitation protocol in 16 sessions (inspiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise and peripheral muscle strength) and, at the end, they were evaluated again. Results: A total of 29 patients completed the program (12.7 ± 2.7 sessions). The functional capacity increased in meters walked from 326.3 ± 140.6 to 445.4 ± 151.1 (p < 0.001), with an increase in the predicted value from 59.7% to 82.6% (p < 0.001). The lung function increased in liters from 2.9 ± 0.8 to 3.2 ± 0.8 (p = 0.004) for forced vital capacity and from 2.5 ± 0.7 to 2.7 ± 0.7 (p = 0.001) for forced expiratory volume in the first second. The respiratory muscle strength increased in cmH2O from 101.4 ± 46.3 to 115.8 ± 38.3 (p = 0.117) for inspiratory pressure and from 85.8 ± 32.8 to 106.7 ± 36.8 (p < 0.001) for expiratory pressure. Conclusions: The pulmonary and functional rehabilitation program provided an improvement in the functional capacity, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in post-COVID-19 patients, restoring their quality of life.
Introdução: Designada COVID-19 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, a SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus que surgiu no final de 2019, na cidade de Wuhan, na China, que rapidamente se espalhou por todo o mundo. Paciente com COVID-19 podem apresentar sintomas leves que variam desde de tosse seca, dor de garganta, febre, fadiga, produção de catarro e dispneia, até consequências mais graves, levando o tratamento a uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Os acometimentos mais graves atingem principalmente aqueles com mais de 65 anos ou com comorbidades como hipertensão, diabetes, asma, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, insuficiência renal e câncer. Métodos e delineamento: Será realizado um ensaio clínico não randomizado com pacientes pós COVID-19 com acometimento moderado e grave, que serão avaliados por dinamometria, manovacuometria, espirometria, Timed Up And Go Test, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e questionários COPD Assessment Test, Modified Medical Research Council e Post-COVID-19 Functional Status. O tratamento conta com alongamentos, exercícios aeróbicos, exercícios resistidos e treinamento da musculatura inspiratória. Discussão: A adição de treinamento da musculatura inspiratória, exercício aeróbico e exercícios resistidos podem melhorar a capacidade funcional do paciente pós COVID-19, através do aumento da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos e diminuição do tempo ao realizar o Timed Up And Go Test. Melhorar a força dos músculos respiratórios, com o aumento da pressão inspiratória máxima e pressão expiratória máxima; melhorar a função pulmonar, comprovada através da espirometria; aumento da força periférica, testada através da dinamometria; melhorar o status funcional destes indivíduos o que refletirá na sua qualidade de vida.
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