Objective: To determine Blood Eosinophilia frequency in newly diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients. Methods: An observational cross-sectional research on newly diagnosed COPD patients with age ≥ 40 years was performed at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi. COPD patients diagnosed in outpatient clinic or admitted in Chest Unit during six-month period from September 2018 to May 2019 were selected. Each patient underwent spirometry, and blood was tested for eosinophilia (≥ 2% eosinophils in blood), after obtaining informed consent and clinical history. Results: One hundred and fifty COPD patients were diagnosed and evaluated for Blood Eosinophilia, out of which 86 (57.3%) and 64 (42.7%) patients were Males and Females respectively with mean age of 63.72 ± 10.24 years. Current Smokers were 48 (32.0%), Ex-Smokers 15 (10.0%), and Biomass Exposure was present in 76 (50.7%) of patients. Spirometric severity of COPD was Mild in 11 (7.3%), Moderate in 68 (45.3%), Severe in 59 (39.3%), and Very Severe in 12 (8.0%) patients. Blood Eosinophilia was present in 59 (39.3%) patients of COPD among which majority 43 (72.9%) were having Moderate 24 (40.7%) and Severe 19 (32.2%) COPD respectively. Conclusion: Frequency of Blood Eosinophilia in newly diagnosed COPD patients was high, among which most of the COPD patients were moderate to severe. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1624 How to cite this:Khan GM, Zuberi FF, Bizat-uz-Zahra S, Ghafoor L. Frequency of Blood Eosinophilia in newly diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1624 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objective: To determine the yield of Gastric lavage (GL) in non-expectorating adults with suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) and accuracy of GL-AFB smear with GL-GeneXpert (GXP) by taking AFB culture as gold standard. Methods: Cross-sectional study on suspected PTB patients was done at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases during period 16th July 2020 till 15th January 2021. Adult patients of either gender suspected to have PTB and not expectorating were included. GL was performed and sent for AFB smear, GXP and AFB culture. Odds ratio, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: After informed written consent, 206 patients, mean age was 38.17 ±17.30 years were inducted, including 89 (43.2%) males and 117 (56.8%) females. Gene Xpert, AFB smear & AFB culture were positive in 83(40%), 50 (24%) & 72 (35%) respectively in GL samples. Odds of PTB were 3.95 times higher among patients with ≤1 month of duration of symptoms (aOR 3.95, 95% CI 1.82-8.57, p-value 0.001), 6.24 times higher among patients with weight loss (aOR 6.24, 95% CI 3.03-12.84, p-value <0.001), and 4.22 times higher among patients with cavitation (aOR 4.22, 95% CI 1.99-8.93, p-value <0.001). GL-AFB smear showed sensitivity 63.89%, specificity 97.01%, positive predicted value 92%, negative predicted value 83.3%, and overall diagnostic accuracy 85.4%. Whereas GL-GXP showed sensitivity 94.4%, specificity 88.81%, positive predicted value 81.93%, negative predicted value 96.75%, and overall diagnostic accuracy 90.78%. Conclusion: Yield of GL significant to detect PTB in suspected cases who are not expectorating. GL-GXP diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity is higher than GL-AFB smear. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.6972 How to cite this: Ghafoor L, Zuberi FF, Khan GM, Ismail M. Yield & accuracy of Gastric Lavage in non-expectorating adults with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.6972 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.