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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurological illness that causes considerable cognitive impairment. Hepatic and renal dysfunction may worsen AD by disrupting β-amyloid homeostasis at the periphery and by causing metabolic dysfunction. Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aims to study the effect of aluminum on neuronal cells, its consequences on the liver and kidneys, and the possible role of fluoxetine and wheatgrass juice in attenuating these pathological conditions. Method: Rats were divided into five groups. Control, AD (AlCl3), Fluoxetine (Fluoxetine and AlCl3), Wheatgrass (Wheatgrass and AlCl3), and combination group (fluoxetine, wheatgrass, and AlCl3). All groups were assigned daily to different treatments for five weeks. Conclusions: AlCl3 elevated liver and kidney enzymes, over-production of oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Besides, accumulation of tau protein and Aβ, the elevation of ACHE and GSK-3β, down-regulation of BDNF, and β–catenin expression in the brain. Histopathological examinations of the liver, kidney, and brain confirmed this toxicity, while treating AD groups with fluoxetine, wheatgrass, or a combination alleviates toxic insults. Conclusion: Fluoxetine and wheatgrass combination demonstrated a more significant neuroprotective impact in treating AD than fluoxetine alone and has protective effects on liver and kidney tissues.

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IntroductionBackground: Hepatitis C is considered as one of the most popular diseases in Egypt. Our aim is to clarify the association between Cluster of Differentiation 24 (CD24) polymorphism, Talin-1 gene expression and the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian Hepatitis C virus patients.Material and methodsThe link between CD24 polymorphism rs8734 and the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma was assessed between 200 control subjects and 400 hepatitis C virus patients (HCV), patients were classified as follows; 200 patients with HCV and 200 with HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by histopathological assessment and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).ResultsResults: The hepatitis c patients with HCC showed significant increase in alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and Talin-1 gene expression compared to patients with HCV as well as in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the frequencies of CD 24 170 CT/TT genotype were significantly higher in HCV patients without complications (60%) when compared to CC genotype (40%) (OR= 6 at X2= 14.41, P = 0.0007), and in HCV with HCC patients (90%) when compared to CC genotype (10%) (OR= 36 at X2= 14.41, P = 0.0007).ConclusionsThese data suggests that CD24 genetic polymorphism rs8734 and Talin-1 gene expression may be a significant determinant for the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV patients.

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