O trabalho Cadernos de Estudos Africanos está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons-Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional.

In this article the authors aim at showing how an "anomalous" international and very intense cooperation between Italy and Mozambique was born. In fact, Italy has not a strong colonial tradition, especially in Mozambique, so it seems interesting to try to understand the reason why this former Portuguese colony has become the Italian most important partner in its cooperation activity. This analysis is based on the main hypothesis related to the birth of international bilateral cooperation: they have been seriously considered in order to explain the origin of this strange relationship, but they cannot completely clarify this particular case. According to the Italian social and political recent history, the privileged relationship with Mozambique is due more to a "bottom up" process than to geo-strategic or economic reasons. The fact that Mozambique had belonged to a weak Western power such as Portugal certainly gave Italy the opportunity to penetrate more easily in this country than in the ones which had been under the strong dominion of France or England. One of the most important results of this "anomalous" cooperation has to be found in the scientific fields (such as geology, architecture, biotechnologies) and in its impact on the development of Mozambique.

This article analyses a new phenomenon, which the Italian educational system has been facing: the growing presence of foreign students in Italian schools and the transition towards intercultural education. Even though both international and domestic factors greatly contributed to such changes, the article focuses exclusively on the domestic factors. Two issues are considered the most important. The first is the presence of «foreigners» in Italian classrooms and the second is the fall of the old political system (known as the First Republic). The article seeks to show how the Italian educational system dealt with this new challenge. We believe that it is possible to speak of an original Italian approach to intercultural education and that this model, which was introduced without any kind of planning by Italian institutions, is currently showing serious limitations. These limitations are evident when one looks at the profound differences in school performances between Italian and foreign students and at the substantially higher concentration of foreign students in vocational schools rather than general high school, which in turn leads to lower enrolment rates in academia. We use a multidisciplinary methodological approach. This approach is based on a sociological, philosophical and historical analysis of innovations and highlights the strong aversion to multiculturalism that pervades the Italian school system.

No abstract

Islamic terrorism has been a serious threat for Eastern and Southern Africa since the 1990s. Many of these African countries have developed different forms of struggle against Islamic terrorism, from a military intervention to social policies, in order to improve the general socio-economic conditions for society as a whole. In Mozambique, no specific measure was adopted to cope the diffusion of terrorism, leaving that radicalized forms of Islamism spread in particular in Cabo Delgado, a Northern Province bordering with Tanzania. Research aimed at approaching Islamic terrorism in Cabo Delgado according to the strategy of risk prevention and risk management by Mozambican State. This study demonstrates that during the second term of Guebuza as a Chief of State, Mozambique had to face three different, potential threats. Nevertheless, Mozambican government identified two of these threats as a priority (namely Somali piracy in Mozambique Channel and Renamo´s action), neglecting possible Islamic terrorist attacks in Cabo Delgado Province. This study demonstrates – using privileged witnesses as well as open sources available in the public sphere - that this choice was typical of a fragile and authoritarian State. Firstly, it was not based on an objective risk analysis, but on political as well as on patrimonial interests of political elite, and secondly local civil society could not oppose any resistance. This choice allowed radical Islamic groups to grow undisturbed in Cabo Delgado, until carrying out violent attacks from October 2017, which Mozambican government seems unable to counter until today. Keywords: Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambican State, religious extremism, risk prevention.