Aims  The aim of this study was to determine the contemporary use of reperfusion therapy in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member and affiliated countries and adherence to ESC clinical practice guidelines in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results  Prospective cohort (EURObservational Research Programme STEMI Registry) of hospitalized STEMI patients with symptom onset <24 h in 196 centres across 29 countries. A total of 11 462 patients were enrolled, for whom primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (total cohort frequency: 72.2%, country frequency range 0–100%), fibrinolysis (18.8%; 0–100%), and no reperfusion therapy (9.0%; 0–75%) were performed. Corresponding in-hospital mortality rates from any cause were 3.1%, 4.4%, and 14.1% and overall mortality was 4.4% (country range 2.5–5.9%). Achievement of quality indicators for reperfusion was reported for 92.7% (region range 84.8–97.5%) for the performance of reperfusion therapy of all patients with STEMI <12 h and 54.4% (region range 37.1–70.1%) for timely reperfusion. Conclusions  The use of reperfusion therapy for STEMI in the ESC member and affiliated countries was high. Primary PCI was the most frequently used treatment and associated total in-hospital mortality was below 5%. However, there was geographic variation in the use of primary PCI, which was associated with differences in in-hospital mortality.

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Amyloidosis is a systemic disease due to buildup of protein material in the extracellular space, which can affect the heart, mainly in its light chain and transtyretin forms. Historically this condition has been considered very uncommon, and it was certainly under-diagnosed. Today is well known that in certain group of patients its prevalence is, indeed, very high (25% in patients over the age of 80 years; 32% in patients over 75 years with heart failure and preserved systolic function, and 5% in post-mortem series of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Some genetically determined form of transthyretin amyloidosis are quite common in certain populations, such as Caribbean origin African-Americans. The wide spectrum of signs, symptoms, and first-level tests often overlapping among various other conditions, represent a diagnostic challenge for the clinical cardiologist. The opportunity to reach the diagnosis with non-invasive testing (first and foremost scintiscan with bone markers), as well as encouraging results of newer classes of drugs, raised the interest in this condition, so far burdened by an ominous prognosis. Early diagnosis of amyloidosis should always be guided by clinical suspicion but should also be supported by a multidisciplinary approach, aimed at optimizing the prognosis of the condition. Despite the newer drugs now available, a late diagnosis affect negatively the prognosis, and the opportunity to implement disease-modifying therapies (e.g. liver transplant in ATTR, or bone marrow transplant in AL) able to cure or at least delay the progression of the disease.