The present study demonstrates the immaturity and complexity of germ cell transplantation as a clinical approach.

In our NB population (18)F-dopa PET/CT displayed higher overall accuracy than (123)I-MIBG scintigraphy. Consequently, we suggest (18)F-dopa PET/CT as a new opportunity for NB assessment.

Our results confirm the good agreement between (18)F-DOPA PET/CT and (123)I-MIBG scan in patients affected by NB relapse. In time-to-event analyses, (123)I-MIBG scan and (18)F-DOPA PET/CT scores were independently and significantly associated with disease progression.

The accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT significantly improves when the serum Tg level is above 5.5 ng/mL during levothyroxine treatment or when the Tg-DT is less than 1 year, independent of the absolute value.

Integrated F-choline PET/4DCeCT should be considered as an effective tool to detect PHPT in patients with negative or inconclusive first-line imaging. Choline metabolism is correlated with both calcium level and Ki67 expression in HPTG.