A highly bent triarylborane, 9‐boratriptycene, was generated in solution by selective protodeboronation of the corresponding tetra‐aryl boron ate complex with the strong Brønsted acid HNTf2. The iptycene core confers enhanced Lewis acidity to 9‐boratriptycene, making it unique in terms of structure and reactivity. We studied the stereoelectronic properties of 9‐boratriptycene by quantifying its association with small N‐ and O‐centered Lewis bases, as well as with sterically hindered phosphines. The resultant Lewis adducts exhibited unique structural, spectroscopic, and photophysical properties. Beyond the high pyramidalization of the 9‐boratriptycene scaffold and its low reorganization energy upon Lewis base coordination, quantum chemical calculations revealed that the absence of π donation from the triptycene aryl rings to the boron vacant pz orbital is one of the main reasons for its high Lewis acidity.
Proline has been
widely used for various cocrystallization applications,
including pharmaceutical cocrystals. Combining enantiopure and racemic
flurbiprofen and proline, we discovered 18 new crystal structures.
Liquid-assisted grinding proved highly efficient to explore all the
variety of crystal forms. A unique combination of state-of-the-art
characterization techniques, comprising variable temperature in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ ball-milling,
along with other physicochemical methods and density functional theory
calculations, was indispensable for identifying all the phases. Analyzing
the results of in situ ball-milling, we established
a stepwise mechanism for the formation of several 1:1 cocrystals via
an intermediate 2:1 phase. The nature of the solvent in liquid-assisted
grinding was found to significantly affect the reaction rate and,
in some cases, the reaction pathway.
An aerosol‐assisted sol–gel method is used to prepare mesoporous tin silicate catalysts that exhibit a record activity in the synthesis of ethyl lactate from dihydroxyacetone and ethanol. The method is based on the formation of an aerosol from a solution of precursors and surfactant. During the fast drying of the droplets, the surfactant self‐assembles and the Sn‐silica matrix is formed by polycondensation reactions. After calcination, the resulting material is composed of a true tin‐silicon mixed oxide in the form of spherical microparticles with calibrated mesopores of 5–6 nm. Sn species are incorporated in the silica network, mainly in the form of single sites. This makes these catalysts highly active for the targeted reaction, as shown by record turnover numbers. The catalyst is recyclable and truly heterogeneous as it can be reused for several cycles and it does not leach.
Ethanol dehydration is effectively catalyzed by solid acids, such as HZSM-5, alumina, or silica-alumina. In these catalysts, the amount, nature, and strength of acid sites is believed to determine catalyst...
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