In a Surgical Thoracic Center, two females and a man were unexpectedly diagnosed with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) in a single year. HAL is a rare lung cancer with pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma with no evidence of liver tumor or other primitive sites of neoplasms. As of today, a comprehensive treatment is still not written. We reviewed the most updated literature on HAL, aiming to highlight the proposed treatments available, and comparing them in terms of survival. General hallmarks of HAL are confirmed: it typically affects middle-aged, heavy-smoker males with a median of 5 cm bulky right upper lobe mass. Overall survival remains poor (13 months), with a longer but non-significant survival in females. Treatments are still unsatisfactory today: surgery guarantees a small benefit compared to non-operated HALs, and only N0 patients demonstrated improved survival (p = 0.04) compared to N1, N2, and N3. Even though the histology is fearsome, these are probably the patients who will benefit from upfront surgery. Chemotherapy seemed to behave as surgery, and there is no statistical difference between chemotherapy only, surgery, or adjuvant treatments, even though adjuvant treatments tend to be more successful. New chemotherapies have been reported with notable results in recent years, such as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. In this complicated picture, new cases are needed to further build shared evidence in terms of diagnosis, treatments, and survival opportunities.

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Aims While there is partial evidence of lung lesions in patients suffering from long COVID there are substantial concerns about lung remodelling sequelae after COVID‐19 pneumonia. The aim of the present retrospective comparative study was to ascertain morphological features in lung samples from patients undergoing tumour resection several months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods and results The severity of several lesions with a major focus on the vascular bed was analysed in 2 tumour‐distant lung fragments of 41 cases: 21 SARS‐CoV‐2 (+) lung tumour (LT) patients and 20 SARS‐CoV‐2 (−) LT patients. A systematic evaluation of several lesions was carried out by combining their scores into a grade of I–III. Tissue SARS‐CoV‐2 genomic/subgenomic transcripts were also investigated. Morphological findings were compared with clinical, laboratory and radiological data. SARS‐CoV‐2 (+) LT patients with previous pneumonia showed more severe parenchymal and vascular lesions than those found in SARS‐CoV‐2 (+) LT patients without pneumonia and SARS‐CoV‐2 (−) LT patients, mainly when combined scores were used. SARS‐CoV‐2 viral transcripts were not detected in any sample. SARS‐CoV‐2 (+) LT patients with pneumonia showed a significantly higher radiological global injury score. No other associations were found between morphological lesions and clinical data. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that, after a granular evaluation of tissue parameters, detected several changes in lungs from patients undergoing tumour resection after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These lesions, in particular vascular remodelling, could have an important impact overall on the future management of these frail patients.

BackgroundGlobally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide in 2020, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and the sixth cause among women (1). Different approaches are considered in the treatment of HCC, such as curative hepatic surgery, liver transplantation, transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy including local ablation by radiofrequency or percutaneous ethanol injection, and chemotherapy also with targeted therapy, like sorafenib. The use of the aforementioned multimodality treatments has greatly improved the survival of patients affected by HCC (2).Despite these different approaches, HCC has a high recurrence frequency rate, with Poon et al. reporting a