ResumoNo Brasil, Eriocaulaceae compreende cerca de 600 espécies distribuídas em oito gêneros. O principal centro de diversidade da família é a Cadeia do Espinhaço, onde concentram-se a maioria dos estudos taxonômicos. Entretanto, as áreas de restingas também possuem uma diversidade considerável de espécies de Eriocaulaceae. Este trabalho traz o tratamento florístico das Eriocaulaceae ocorrentes nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi registrada a ocorrência de 12 espécies, distribuídas em seis gêneros, sendo uma de Actinocephalus, duas de Comanthera, três de Leiothrix, três de Paepalanthus, duas de Syngonanthus e uma de Tonina. A maioria das espécies foi encontrada em locais arenosos, secos e com pouca vegetação ao redor. Somente uma espécie foi encontrada em local úmido e com muita vegetação. São apresentadas ilustrações, descrições, chave de identificação, além de comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e variação morfológica das espécies. Palavras-chave: flora, Leiothrix, Paepalanthus, Syngonanthus, taxonomia. AbstractIn Brazil, Eriocaulaceae comprises about 600 species distributed in eight genera. The main diversity center is the Espinhaço Range, where most of the taxonomic efforts are concentrated. However, sand dunes also have significant species diversity. This paper presents the floristic treatment of the Eriocaulaceae from the sand dunes of Rio de Janeiro state. A total of 12 species distributed in six genera were recorded; one of Actinocephalus, two of Comanthera, three of Leiothrix, three of Paepalanthus, two of Syngonanthus and one of Tonina. Most species were found in sandy, dry sites with few plants, and only one species was found in moist sites with lots of greenery. Illustrations, descriptions, an identification key, as well as comments on geographic distribution and morphological variation are provided.

Paepalanthus calvescens is a new species of Eriocaulaceae, herein described and illustrated. The species is endemic to Espírito Santo state, restricted to a small, unique and endangered habitat composed of quartzitic patches within a primarily granitic area. The indument of leaves, spathes, and scapes is crucial to recognize the taxon as a distinct entity along with the shape and pilosity of other floral and vegetative structures. The species is compared to P. capixaba, the morphologically most similar species occurring in the Espírito Santo state. The new species is also compared to P. spathulatus and P. calvus, which, although occur far from the occurrence site of P. calvescens, share morphological similarities. Comments on the species distribution and conservation, as well as details of morphological variation and photos are provided.

ResumoEriocaulaceae compreende aproximadamente 1400 espécies distribuídas em dez gêneros. Apesar da maior parte dos estudos taxonômicos na família se concentrarem na Cadeia do Espinhaço, as áreas de restinga possuem uma grande diversidade de espécies. Este trabalho fornece o tratamento florístico das Eriocaulaceae na Reserva Natural da Vale, no Espírito Santo. Foram encontradas nove espécies, distribuídas em seis gêneros: Actinocephalus, Comanthera, Leiothrix e Tonina com um representante cada e Syngonanthus e Paepalanthus com dois e três representantes, respectivamente. São fornecidas fotografias, descrições, chave de identificação, além de comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e variação morfológica das espécies. Palavras-chave: flora, Paepalanthus, Syngonanthus, taxonomia, Vale do Rio Doce. AbstractEriocaulaceae comprises ca. 1400 species arranged in ten genera. Most of the taxonomic efforts in the family are focused in the Espinhaço Range, its center of diversity. However, the sand dunes in Brazil have also a significant species richness. This manuscript presents the floristic treatment of the Eriocaulaceae from the Reserva Natural da Vale in Espírito Santo State. A total of nine species distributed in six genera were recorded. The genera Actinocephalus, Comanthera, Leiothrix, and Tonina are represented by one species each, Syngonanthus is represented by two species and Paepalanthus by three species. Photos, descriptions, an identification key, as well as comments on geographic distribution and morphological variation are provided.

Paepalanthus canescens var. atratus was described from a single collection of juvenile individuals. We have recently rediscovered new populations of this taxon, and here describe the flowers for the first time. The vegetative and floral morphology of this taxon does not fit the P. canescens concept, nor does the taxon share the characters defining P. subsect. Actinocephaloides, to which P. canescens belongs. Here, we raise the taxon to species level, as P. atratus, and provide a revised description for it. We critically evaluate the taxonomy and morphology of the species, and compare it to Paepalanthus trichophyllus, the most similar species morphologically. Comments on distribution and conservation, as well as details of morphological variation, a distribution map, and photos, are provided.

We present a floristic treatment of the Eriocaulaceae from Espírito Santo state. A total of 22 species distributed in seven genera were recorded. Paepalanthus is the richest genus with ten species, followed by Leiothrix and Syngonanthus with three species each, Comanthera with two species, and Actinocephalus, Eriocaulon, and Tonina with one species each. Most of the species occur in the restingas (14 spp.), but the diversity in elevated areas is also relevant. The Paulo Cesar Vinha State Park is highlighted as a conservation unit encompassing ten species. Photos, descriptions, an identification key, as well as comments on geographic distribution and morphological variation are provided.