The conventional biodiesel process, although it reaches high conversion yields and productivity, faces problems related to the use of homogeneous catalysts. This work aims to study mixtures of calcium oxide (CaO) and niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5) as the heterogeneous catalyst. It was used a full 2 3 factorial design with four central points to analyze how the mass percentage of the oxides, the molar ratio of reactants, and the reaction temperature affect the conversion yield to methyl esters. The best conversion yield was found near to 89% using 1.8% of catalyst, a 1:36 oil to methanol ratio and at 77 °C as reaction temperature. Finally, it was performed a simplified simulation to compare the heterogeneous catalyst process with the conventional process, and an algorithm to compare the effects of the exit streams of each process would have on the environment. The simulations results display a better performance for the heterogeneous catalyst process studied.

New Schiff base compound N,N'-bis-(4-hexadecanate)-salicylethylenediamine (named IM) was synthesized, and characterized via infrared and nuclear magnetic ressonance spectroscopies. IM was tested as corrosion inhibitor and antioxidant in soybean biodiesel. Corrosion studies were developed with AISI 1020 carbon steel in a three-step accelerated corrosion assay and IM inhibitory activity was evaluated using microscopic techiniques: optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In 750 ppm concentration, IM showed better inhibitory activity compared to commercial compounds tert-butylhydroquinone and pyrogallol, reducing root-mean-square roughness (Rq) from 37.8 to 11.7 nm and peak-peak height (PP) from 454.1 to 120.2 nm after 8 days of immersion. Antioxidant studies were conducted using the PetroOXY equipment. In 250 ppm concentration, IM showed better antioxidant activity as metal chelator, reducing biodiesel oxidation induced by copper on biodiesel. In this concentration, IM increased the induction period from 3.0 to 5.8 h. Furthermore, the new Schiff base acts as an oxygen scavanger. This is a great property because it reduces oxygen concentration in biodiesel, reducing metal corrosion reactions.

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da utilização de ferramentas da gestão na promoção de melhorias da qualidade do processo transfusional. Relato da experiência: O presente estudo é baseado na vivência de acadêmicos de enfermagem acerca da utilização de ferramentas de gestão como a Brainstorming, o diagrama de Ishikawa e o 5W2H, para definição de um problema e traçar estratégias de melhorias, incluindo a educação permanente dos profissionais que trabalham com hemotransfusão em variadas clínicas da instituição. Sendo assim, a utilização de tais ferramentas proporcionou boa receptividade dos profissionais frente a atividade proposta. A educação permanente e a utilização dos ideais do diagrama de Ishikawa ajudaram a fomentar a discussão e identificar as causas, efeitos e ações estratégicas para melhorar os índices de notificação e qualidade do processo transfusional. Considerações Finais: O estudo ressalta a importância da integração entre gestão, assistência e ensino, tendo a educação permanente, como estratégia para evitar erros e garantir atualização profissional, além de viabilizar a utilização prática dos conhecimentos acadêmicos obtidos na universidade.

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