O fogo é um instrumento do desflorestamento, devido seu emprego na conversão de vegetação em pastagens e agricultura, sendo difícil monitorá-lo, devido à grande dimensão do Estado do Pará. O sensoriamento remoto e o geoprocessamento são alternativas que favorecem esse monitoramento. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica dos focos de calor na Microrregião de Paragominas, Estado do Pará, Norte do Brasil, sob a ótica do desmatamento e agricultura. Utilizou-se vetores dos focos de calor, desmatamento e agricultura, sendo analisados em escala multitemporal, entre os anos de 2002 e 2018. No período de 2002 a 2006 houve um incremento de 128,75% dos focos de calor e redução de 75,71% do desmatamento. Entre 2006 e 2010 os focos de calor e áreas desmatadas reduziram. De 2010 a 2014 os focos de calor cresceram, enquanto o desmatamento reduziu. De 2014 a 2018 os focos reduziram em aproximadamente 92%. Houve grande crescimento da agricultura entre 2002-2018. O alto desmatamento e focos de calor entre 2000 e 2008, deve-se a exploração madeireira, principal renda da microrregião na época. As políticas de combate ao desmatamento, aliadas à moratória da soja foram essenciais para contê-lo. Os focos concentraram-se nos assentamentos, agricultura, desmatamento e rodovias. Não houve concentração em terras indígenas. Os fatores antrópicos influenciam na dinâmica espaço-temporal dos focos de calor, uma vez que convertem a floresta densa em áreas de vegetação pouco densa, aumentando a absorção de calor pelo solo. Deve-se intensificar políticas públicas para conscientizar os agricultores familiares sobre o uso do fogo, bem como fomentar técnicas alternativas e garantir assistência técnica.
Pertussis, a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, is distributed globally. Vaccination has been crucial to annual reductions in the number of cases. However, disease reemergence has occurred over the last decade in several countries, including Brazil. Here we describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of suspected pertussis cases in Salvador, Brazil, and evaluate factors associated with case confirmation. This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in the five hospitals in Salvador that reported the highest number of pertussis cases between 2011-2016. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for each patient. Bivariate analysis was performed to evaluate differences between groups (confirmed vs. unconfirmed cases) using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Of 529 suspected pertussis cases, 29.7% (157/529) were confirmed by clinical, clinical-epidemiological or laboratory criteria, with clinical criteria most frequently applied (63.7%; 100/157). Unvaccinated individuals (43.3%; 68/157) were the most affected, followed by age groups 2-3 months (37.6%; 59/157) and <2 months (31.2%; 49/ 157). Overall, �50% of the confirmed cases presented a complete vaccination schedule. All investigated cases presented cough in association with one or more symptoms, especially paroxysmal cough (66.9%; 105/529) (p = 0.001) or cyanosis (66.2%; 104/529) (p<0.001). Our results indicate that pertussis occurred mainly in infants and unvaccinated individuals in Salvador, Brazil. The predominance of clinical criteria used to confirm suspected cases highlights the need for improvement in the laboratory tools used to perform rapid diagnosis. Fluctuations in infection prevalence demonstrate the importance of vaccination strategies in improving the control and prevention of pertussis.
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